使用Java实现一个短链接工具

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已于 2024-04-03 15:36:07 修改

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文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2024-01-10 10:13:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44192363/article/details/135496131

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介绍

短链接系统是一种常见的工具，用于将长链接转换为短链接，提供更方便的分享和使用方式。本文将介绍如何使用Java实现一个简单而有效的短链接系统。

原理

我们采用了一种基于MD5生成32位签名串的算法，将其分为4段，每段8个字节。通过循环处理每一段，取8个字节并将其视为16进制串与0x3FFFFFFF（30位1）进行与操作，即超过30位的部分将被忽略。这30位再分为6段，每五位的数字作为字母表的索引，获取特定字符，最终得到一个6位的短KEY。

package io.renren.common.utils;

import cn.hutool.crypto.digest.DigestUtil;

/**
 * @author PC
 * @Description
 * TODO
 *  将长网址md5生成32位签名串，分为4段，每段8个字节
 *  对这四段循环处理,取8个字节，将它看成16进制串与0x3FFFFFFF（30位1）与操作，即超过30位的忽略处理
 *  这30位分成6段，每五位的数字作为字母表的索引取得特定字符，依次进行获得6位字符串
 *  总的md5串可以获得4个6位串，取里面的任意一个就可以作为这个长url的短url地址
 * @Date 2021/8/10 11:00
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class ShortUrlGenerator {
    public static final String[] chars = new String[]{"a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z","0",
            "1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"};


    /**
     * 一个长链接URL转换为4个短KEY
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static String[] shortUrl(String url){
        String key = "";
        // 对地址进行md5
        String sMD5EncryptResult = DigestUtil.md5Hex(key+url);
        System.out.println("sMD5EncryptResult  " + sMD5EncryptResult);
        String hex = sMD5EncryptResult;
        String[] resUrl = new String[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            // 取出8位字符串,md5 32位,被切割为4组，每组8个字符
            String sTempSubString = hex.substring(i*8,i*8+8);

            // 先转换为16进制，然后用0x3FFFFFFF 进行位与运算，目的是格式化截取前30位
            long lHexLong = 0x3FFFFFFF & Long.parseLong(sTempSubString,16);

            String outChars = "";
            for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
                // 0x0000003D 代表什么意思？他的10进制是61，61代表chars数组长度62的0到61坐标
                // 0x0000003D & lHexLong 进行位于运算，就是格式化为6位，即61内的数字
                // 保证了index绝对是61以内的值
                long index = 0x0000003D & lHexLong;

                outChars += chars[(int) index];
                // 每次循环位移5位，因为30位的二进制，分六次循环，即每次右移5位
                lHexLong = lHexLong >> 5;
            }

            // 把字符串存入对应索引的输出数组
            resUrl[i] = outChars;
        }
        return resUrl;
    }

    //    http://huaxin.wkingj.cn/u2A7Zn
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String longUrl = "http://a.baidu.cn/questionnaire/loadSurvey.html?Mjk0NzI4NzI=&MjAyMeeUqOawtOa7oeaEj+W6puiwg+afpemXruWNt+eAmuiTnemhuuaOp+eJiA==#";
        String[] shortCodeArry = shortUrl(longUrl);

        for (int i = 0; i < shortCodeArry.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(shortCodeArry[i]);
        }
    }
}