（二）Head first design patterns观察者模式（c++）

观察者模式

观察者模式主要用来降低观察者与被观察者之间的耦合关系，主要用于一对多的关系。又称为源-监听者、发布-订阅模式。

其关系图如下

作为发布者Subject，主要有三个功能：添加观察者、移除观察者、通知。

作为订阅者，至少有一个功能，就是更新信息。

发布者有一个成员对象vector用来存储订阅者的地址。

发布者通过RegisterObserver方法来添加订阅者信息，用RemoveObserver方法来移除订阅者。

同时订阅者Observer应该在内部存储发布者的信息——它需要知道自己的发布者是谁。

当发布者的信息发生变化时，发布者调用NotifyObserver方法去通知订阅者，订阅者跟新自己的信息。

具体代码如下

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

class Observer{
public:
    virtual void update(){}
}; 
class Subject{
public:
    virtual void RegisterObserver(Observer* observer) = 0;
    virtual void RemoveObserver(Observer* observer) = 0;
    virtual void NotifyObserver() = 0;

};
class WeatherStation : public Subject{
public:
    WeatherStation(){}
    void RegisterObserver(Observer* observer){
        mObserver.push_back(observer);
    }
    void RemoveObserver(Observer* observer){
        auto itr = std::remove(mObserver.begin(), mObserver.end(),observer);
        mObserver.erase(itr);
    }
    void NotifyObserver(){
        for(Observer* observer: mObserver){
            observer->update();
        }
    }
    void measurementsChange(){
        NotifyObserver();
    }
    void setMeasurements(float temp, float humid, float press, vector<float> forecastTemp){
        temperature = temp;
        humidity = humid;
        pressure = press;
        forecastTemperatures = forecastTemp;
    }
    float getTemperature(){
        return temperature;
    }
    float getHumidity(){
        return humidity;
    }
    float getPressure(){
        return pressure;
    }
    vector<float> getForecastTemperatures(){
        return forecastTemperatures;
    }
private:
    vector<Observer*> mObserver;
    float temperature;
    float humidity;
    float pressure;
    vector<float> forecastTemperatures; 
};
class CurrentConditionsDisplay : public Observer{
public:
    CurrentConditionsDisplay(WeatherStation* weatherStation){
        mWeatherStation = weatherStation;
    }
    void display(){
        std::cout << "当前温度为：" << temperature << "℃" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "当前湿度为：" << humidity << "" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "当前气压为：" << pressure << "P" << std::endl;
    }
    void update(){
        temperature = mWeatherStation->getTemperature();
        humidity = mWeatherStation->getHumidity();
        pressure = mWeatherStation->getPressure();
        display();
    }
    WeatherStation* mWeatherStation;
    float temperature;
    float humidity;
    float pressure;
};
class ForecastDisplay : public Observer{
public:
    ForecastDisplay(WeatherStation* weatherStation){
        mWeatherStation = weatherStation;
    }
    void display(){
        for(int i = 0; i < forecastTemperatures.size(); i++){
            std::cout << "第" << i << "天：" << forecastTemperatures[i] << "℃" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    void update(){
        forecastTemperatures = mWeatherStation->getForecastTemperatures();
        display();
    }
    WeatherStation* mWeatherStation;
    vector<float> forecastTemperatures; 
};

int main(){
    WeatherStation* w = new WeatherStation;
    w->RegisterObserver(new CurrentConditionsDisplay(w)); //发布者添加订阅者信息，订阅者同时也记录发布者的信息
    w->RegisterObserver(new ForecastDisplay(w));
    vector<float> f = {32,31,29,20,28};
    w->setMeasurements(30,20,100.0,f);
    w->RegisterObserver(new CurrentConditionsDisplay(w));
    w->NotifyObserver();
    return 0;
}