神经网络方面的研究很早就已经出现了,最近一类被称为神经网络的算法以深度学习的名字再度流行。深度学习以神经网络为基础,神经网络由多个感知机组成,并引入激活函数,是一个比感知机更复杂,能解决更多问题的模型。
本实训项目的主要内容是基于pytorch框架搭建出卷积神经网络模型,并训练出一个能够正确对手写数字进行识别的模型。
激活函数
#encoding=utf8
def relu(x):
'''
x:负无穷到正无穷的实数
'''
#********* Begin *********#
if x <= 0:
return 0
else:
return x
#********* End *********#
反向传播算法
#encoding=utf8
import os
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier
if os.path.exists('./step2/result.csv'):
os.remove('./step2/result.csv')
#获取训练数据
train_data = pd.read_csv('./step2/train_data.csv')
#获取训练标签
train_label = pd.read_csv('./step2/train_label.csv')
train_label = train_label['target']
#获取测试数据
test_data = pd.read_csv('./step2/test_data.csv')
#调用MLP模型并进行训练
mlp = MLPClassifier(solver='lbfgs',max_iter =500,
alpha=1e-3,hidden_layer_sizes=(100,),learning_rate_init=0.0001)
mlp.fit(train_data, train_label)
#预测
result = mlp.predict(test_data)
#保存
save_df = pd.DataFrame({'result':result})
save_df.to_csv('./step2/result.csv',index=0)
第4关:使用pytorch搭建卷积神经网络识别手写数字
# encoding=utf8
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.utils.data as Data
import torchvision
import os
if os.path.exists('./step3/cnn.pkl'):
os.remove('./step3/cnn.pkl')
# 加载数据
train_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root='./step3/mnist/',
train=True, # this is training data
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
# Converts a PIL.Image or numpy.ndarray to
download=False,
)
# 取6000个样本为训练集
train_data_tiny = []
for i in range(6000):
train_data_tiny.append(train_data[i])
train_data = train_data_tiny
# ********* Begin *********#
train_loader = Data.DataLoader(
dataset=train_data,
batch_size=64,
num_workers=2,
shuffle=True
)
# 构建卷积神经网络模型
class CNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(CNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (1, 28, 28)
nn.Conv2d(
in_channels=1, # input height
out_channels=16, # n_filters
kernel_size=5, # filter size
stride=1, # filter movement/step
padding=2,
# if want same width and length of this image after con2d, padding=(kernel_size-1)/2 if stride=1
), # output shape (16, 28, 28)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2), # choose max value in 2x2 area, output shape (16, 14, 14)
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (16, 14, 14)
nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5, 1, 2), # output shape (32, 14, 14)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(2), # output shape (32, 7, 7)
)
self.out = nn.Linear(32 * 7 * 7, 10) # fully connected layer, output 10 classes
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = x.view(x.size(0), -1) # flatten the output of conv2 to (batch_size, 32 * 7 * 7)
output = self.out(x)
return output
cnn = CNN()
# SGD表示使用随机梯度下降方法,lr为学习率,momentum为动量项系数
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(cnn.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.9)
# 交叉熵损失函数
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
EPOCH = 3
for e in range(EPOCH):
for x, y in train_loader:
batch_x = Variable(x)
batch_y = Variable(y)
outputs = cnn(batch_x)
loss = loss_func(outputs, batch_y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# ********* End *********#
# 保存模型
torch.save(cnn.state_dict(), './step3/cnn.pkl')
感谢大家的支持!!!点点关注吧,做这个真的不容易!!!!!!!!!!