linux6.9内核编译,busybox/debootstrap制作根文件系统, qemu运行

1.环境搭建

1.1 操作系统(Ubuntu 22.04.4 Server LTS)

Linux system 5.15.0-107-generic #117-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 26 12:26:49 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

1.2 工具安装

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get install gcc g++ make cmake automake flex bison bc bzip2 vim qemu-system-x86

sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev libssl-dev libelf-dev

1.3 下载Linux kernel源码

wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/sites/ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-6.9.tar.xz

1.4 下载busybox源码

wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.36.1.tar.bz2

2.编译

2.1 编译linux kernel

cd linux-6.9

#此处的-j$(nproc)意思是,按照核心数去同时进行几个编译任务，可以加快编译速度
make -j$(nproc)

2.2 制作根文件系统(debootstrap)

#sudo debootstrap --arch [平台] [发行版本代号] [构建目录] [镜像地址]
sudo debootstrap --arch=amd64 --foreign focal rootfs http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/

dd if=/dev/zero of=linux_rootfs.ext4 bs=1M count=2048

mkfs.ext4 rootfs.ext4

mkdir -p tmpfs
sudo mount -t ext4 rootfs.ext4 tmpfs/ -o loop
sudo cp -af rootfs/* tmpfs/
sudo umount tmpfs
sudo chmod 777 rootfs.ext4

2.3制作根文件系统(busybox)

2.3.1 编译

• make menuconfig

Busybox Settings--->
	Build Options--->
		[*]Build BusyBox as a static binary(no shared libs)

• make
• make install

2.3.2 制作

mkdir -p dev proc sys etc/init.d

sudo mknod dev/console c 5 1
sudo mknod dev/null c 1 3

cat << 'EOF' > etc/init.d/rcS
#!/bin/sh

# Mount necessary filesystems
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys

# Create device nodes
mdev -s

# Start a shell on the console
exec /bin/sh
EOF

chmod +x etc/init.d/rcS

cat << 'EOF' > etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:/bin/sh
::askfirst:/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
EOF

dd if=/dev/zero of=linux_rootfs.ext4 bs=1M count=2048

mkfs.ext4 rootfs.ext4

mkdir -p tmpfs
sudo mount -t ext4 rootfs.ext4 tmpfs/ -o loop
sudo cp -af _install/* tmpfs/
sudo umount tmpfs
sudo chmod 777 rootfs.ext4

3.运行和调试

3.1 运行(debootstrap)

qemu-system-x86_64  -kernel ./linux-6.9/arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage                       \
                    -hda  rootfs.ext4                                                  \
                    -append "noinitrd root=/dev/sda rootfstype=ext4 rw console=ttyS0"  \
                    -m 512M                                                            \
                    -smp 4                                                             \
                    -nographic                   

• kernel 指定内核路径
• hda 指定rootfs.ext4路径
• append 附加到内核的命令
• m 指定内存大小
• smp 指定CPU核心数
• nographic 非界面方式启动

3.2 替换现有内核

3.2.1 安装模块

1. linux编译完后执行make install 和 make modules_install
2. 修改Linux启动信息

sudo vim /etc/default/grub

把GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE屏蔽，GRUB_TIMEOUT设置为10秒

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

保存后更新启动信息

sudo update-grub

reboot

开机选择要启动的内核版本即可，如下图所示

4.常见问题

4.1 编译linux kernel时遇

到No rule to make target debian/canonical-certs.pem, needed by certs/x509_certificate_list

vim .config

• 找到CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS="debian/canonical-certs.pem", 修改为CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS="";
• 找到CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS="debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem", 修改为CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS="";

make -j$(nproc)

5.成果图