selenium webdriver启动chrome浏览器报错

webdriver爬虫启动chrome浏览器报错

报错：unknown error: chrome failed to start

WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed

WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start:

如果别的方法都不行的话（前提是你试过其他人的）

：解决方法—>你是否配过环境变量？如果是，重装chrome，然后环境变量配到C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome

顺带传一个自己写的小玩意：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #引入键盘
import pytesseract
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance
import time
from aip import AipOcr
import os
all_num = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
           'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
           'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
           'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
           '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0']
#///验证码识别，调用百度api，账号是别人的，慎重对待
def baidu_image_to_word(image_path):
    """ 你的 APPID AK SK """
    APP_ID = '14364432'
    API_KEY = 'jgopMYaecGeGgaBr2EYWKNDZ'
    SECRET_KEY = 'TnpKrHyyc3IgrGw2L5ZzKRiY9F2seCSk'
    client = AipOcr(APP_ID, API_KEY, SECRET_KEY)

    with open(image_path, 'rb') as fp:
        image = fp.read()

    """ 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """
    client.basicGeneral(image);

    """ 如果有可选参数 """
    options = {}
    options["language_type"] = "ENG"
    options["detect_direction"] = "false"  # 是否检测图像朝向，默认不检测，即：false  true
    ##options["detect_language"] = "true"#是否检测语言，默认不检测
    options["probability"] = "true"  # 是否返回识别结果中每一行的置信度

    """ 带参数调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为本地图片 """

    res = client.basicAccurate(image, options)  # 通用文字识别(高精度版),普通版是client.basicGeneral(image, options);
    ##""" 调用通用文字识别, 图片参数为远程url图片 """
    ##url = "https//www.x.com/sample.jpg"
    ##client.basicGeneralUrl(url,options);
    try:
        guess = res['words_result'][0]['words']
        probability = res['words_result'][0]['probability']['average']
    except:
        print("识别失败，将置信度归为0，文字为空")
        guess = '';
        probability = 0;

    return guess, probability, res
# 
def get_code(file):
    image = file
    probability = 0;
    count = 0;
    count_max = 30;
    words_num = 0
    ##图片文字识别的置信度大于0.9的时候才说明识别得比较准确，否则刷新验证码重新识别
    while (probability < 0.92 or words_num <= 4) and count < count_max:
        # if count > 0:
        #     browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='imgCodeId']").click()
        #     time.sleep(2)
        print("识别认证码中...请稍等")
        count += 1

        ##增强图形识别率的处理
        i2 = Image.open(image)
        imgry = i2.convert('L')  # 图像加强，二值化，PIL中有九种不同模式。分别为1，L，P，RGB，RGBA，CMYK，YCbCr，I，F。L为灰度图像
        sharpness = ImageEnhance.Contrast(imgry)  # 对比度增强
        i3 = sharpness.enhance(3.0)  # 3.0为图像的饱和度
        i3.save("D://AAAAtest/result.png")

        ##连接api获取返回结果
        guess, probability, res = baidu_image_to_word('D://AAAAtest/result.png')  # 连接百度api
        words_num = len(guess)
        print('第%d次猜测验证码,猜测结果为%s,猜测验证码个数为%d,置信度平均值为%f' % (count, guess, words_num, probability))

        ##保证返回结果里面含有刚好5个数字+字母的组合
        check_num = 0;
        if ' ' in guess:
            guess = guess.replace(' ', '')
        for single in guess:
            if single in all_num:
                check_num += 1

        if ' ' in guess:
            if len(guess.replace(' ', '')) == 6 and check_num == 6:
                guess = guess.replace(' ', '')
                words_num = len(guess)
            else:
                print("pass！猜测个数不对或者猜测值不是数据和字母")
                probability = 0

    # os.rename('result.png', 'result.png')  ##将验证码图片重命名成含识别结果以及平均置信度的名字
    time.sleep(2)
    return guess
#///验证码识别，调用百度api
if __name__=="__main__":

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.maximize_window()
    user_id = input("学号:")
    
    password = input("密码:")
   
    leibie = input("课程类别（按照选课系统官方名称）:")
    #TODO 模糊识别，仅输入二字简称即可，2 增加课程类型, 3！ 只需输入课程名称即可对应生成相应信息

    leixing = input("课程类型（选填：一般/核心）:")
    if leixing == "一般":
        leixing = "一般通识选修课"
    else:
        leixing = "核心通识选修课"
    classmane = input("课程名称（务必准确）:")

    driver.get('http://***************/cas/login?service=http://jxgl.hdu.edu.cn/default.aspx')
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.get('http://**************/cas/login?service=http://jxgl.hdu.edu.cn/default.aspx')  # 重载页面
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/form/input[1]").click()
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/form/input[1]").send_keys(user_id)
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/form/input[2]").click()
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/form/input[2]").send_keys(password)
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/form/a").click()
    d = driver.current_url
    print(d)
    print("登陆成功")
    time.sleep(2)
    # 共sleep 6s
    driver.get('http://jxgl.hdu.edu.cn/xs_main.aspx?xh=' + str(user_id))  # 加载新页面
    for i in range(1,24):
        print("第"+str(i)+"尝试")
        time.sleep(3)
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a/span").click()#主按键
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[contains(@href, 'xf_xsqxxxk')]").click()#列表选择
            # //html/body/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a/span网上选课/html/body/div/div[1]/ul/li[5]/a/span信息查询
            # //a[contains(@href, 'xf_xsqxxxk')]通识选修课 //a[contains(@href, 'xsxk')]普通理论课课 //a[contains(@href, 'tjkbcx')]专业课表查询

    #移动鼠标
        # b_label_location = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[3]/p[1]/select[1]")
        # mouse_action = ActionChains(driver)
        # mouse_action.move_to_element(to_element).perform()
        # mouse_action.perform()
    # 移动鼠标

        print("进入选课界面")
        time.sleep(1)
        # driver.switch_to.frame("iframeautoheight")
        try:
            driver.switch_to.frame("iframeautoheight")
        except:
            print("进入iframe失败")
            continue
        #切换进入iframe!!!
        time.sleep(1)
    # 至此完成登录模块

       # /选课列表
     #  s1 = Select(driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[3]/p[1]/select[1]"))  #实例化Select
        try:
            s1 = Select(driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[3]/p[1]/select[1]"))  #实例化Select
        except:
            print("进入Select_1失败")
            continue
        s1.select_by_value(leibie)
        time.sleep(1)
        #TODO 两个Select添加try
    # s2 = Select(driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[3]/p[1]/select[3]"))  # 实例化Select
        try:
            s2 = Select(driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[3]/p[1]/select[3]"))  # 实例化Select
        except:
            print("进入Select_2失败")
            continue
        s2.select_by_visible_text(leixing)
        time.sleep(1)
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[3]/div[5]/p[1]/input[2]").click()
        time.sleep(2)
        print("选择类别完成")

    #打印课程列表
        flag = 0
        dr = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[4]/div/span/fieldset[1]/table/tbody")
        row = dr.find_elements_by_tag_name('tr')
        list = []
        count_1 = 0
        for i in row:
            j = i.find_elements_by_tag_name('td')
            count_1 += 1
            for item in j:
                text = item.text
                list.append(text)
                if flag ==0:
                    if text == classmane:
                        flag += 1
                        outnum = count_1
                #TODO 这部分还需要继续优化

        print("/")
        # try :
        print(list)
        # except:
        #     pass
        # # logging.info('返回的列表数据是{0}'.format(list))  打印日志
        print("/")
        if(flag>0):

            url = "/html/body/form/div[4]/div/span/fieldset[1]/table/tbody/tr["+str(outnum)+"]/td[1]/input"
            print(url)
            driver.find_element_by_xpath(str(url)).click()
            time.sleep(2)
            for m in range(1,100):
                driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body").send_keys(Keys.DOWN)
            time.sleep(3)
            driver.save_screenshot("D://AAAAtest/01.png")
            #
            # 3、打开截图，获取验证码位置，截取保存验证码
            ran = Image.open("D://AAAAtest/01.png")
            box = (1733, 813, 1786, 830)  # 获取验证码位置,使用了手动定位，代表（左，上，右，下）
            ran.crop(box).save("D://AAAAtest/02.png")
            mycode = get_code("D://AAAAtest/02.png")
            print(mycode)
            driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[4]/div/div[2]/em/span[2]/span/input").send_keys(mycode)
            time.sleep(1)
            driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/div[4]/div/div[2]/em/span[2]/input[1]").click()
            print("finish !!!")
        driver.switch_to.default_content()   #跳出iframe
        #driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div/div[1]/ul/li[1]/a/span").click() #回到首页