http----httpclient(jdk,apache,hutool)

已于 2022-09-02 16:01:06 修改
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文章标签： java 开发语言
于 2022-08-19 09:19:49 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44235759/article/details/126417851
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文章目录

一、httpclient简介

  • 官网：http://hc.apache.org/ 使用版本：4.5.13
  • 使用场景
    • 爬虫
    • 多系统之间接口交互

二、jdk原生api发送http请求

HttpURLConnection 【Get】

package com.baosight.iplat4j.test.httpclient;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class JdkHttpClientTest {


    @Test
    public void test01() throws IOException {
        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        URL url = new URL(urlStr);

        URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;

        /*
          设置请求类型
          请求头
         */
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset","utf-8");

        //获取httpURLConnection 的输入流
        try(InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        ) {
          String line;
          while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
              System.out.println(line);
          }
        }

    }
}

HttpURLConnection 【实例工作中使用】

	/**
	 * 以raw形式发送post请求
	 * @param url    访问地址
	 * @param param  需要传输json参数（可以通过json工具转换成String）
	 * @param header header 参数
	 * @return 返回网页返回的数据
	 */
	public static String doPostRaw(String url, String param, Map<String, String> header) {
		OutputStreamWriter out;
		BufferedReader in;
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
		try {
			URL realUrl = new URL(url);

			// 打开和URL之间的连接
			HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();

			// 设置超时时间
			conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
			conn.setReadTimeout(15000);

			// 设置通用的请求属性
			conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
			conn.addRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
			conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
			conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
			conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,br");
			conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");

			// 如有特殊属性
			if (header != null) {
				for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : header.entrySet()) {
					conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
				}
			}

			// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
			conn.setDoOutput(true);
			conn.setDoInput(true);

			// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
			out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);// utf-8编码

			// 发送请求参数
			out.write(param);

			// flush输出流的缓冲
			out.flush();

			// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

			String line;
			while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
				result.append(line);
			}

			out.close();
			in.close();
			conn.disconnect();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return result.toString();
	}

三、发送get请求

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
  <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

3.1 get 无参、无请求头

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 1. 无参请求
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test01() throws IOException {
        /*
            1. 【创建一个客户端对象】可关闭的httpclient客户端，相当于你打开的一个浏览器
         */
        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        // 构造httpGet请求对象
        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);

        // 响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            /*
                3. 【发起请求】
             */
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);

            /*
                4. 【对请求结果进行解析】
             */
            /**
             * HttpEntity 不仅可以作为结果，也可以作为请求的参数实体，有很多的实现
             */
            // 获取响应结果
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            // 对HttpEntity操作的工具类，将响应结果转为字符串
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

            System.out.println(toStringResult);

            /*
                5. 【释放资源】
             */
            //确保流关闭
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

3.2 get 无参、有请求头

image-20220818154458318

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.2 无参有请求头
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test02() {
        
        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        
        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);
        /*
        添加请求头
         */
        //解决httpclient被认为不是真人行为
        httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36");
        // 防盗链，value:发生防盗链的网站的url
        // httpGet.addHeader("Referer","");
        
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

3.3 有参，有请求头

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.3. 有参的请求需要使用urlencode编码
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test03() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        //get请求中请求参数需要使用URLencoder进行编码转换，浏览器会自动编码，web容器会自动解码，这里使用客户端发送时需要手动编码
        String strParam = "123 + 134asdf | adsfads";//123+%2B+134asdf+%7C+adsfads
        String encode = URLEncoder.encode(strParam, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()); // 使用jdk的编码器
        String urlStr = "https://api.apiopen.top/api/getTime" + "&userName=" + encode;
        // 构造httpGet请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);
        httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36");

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

3.4 获取响应头信息

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.4. 获取响应头以及相应的Content-Type
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test04() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();


        String strParam = "123 + 134asdf | adsfads";//123+%2B+134asdf+%7C+adsfads
        String encode = URLEncoder.encode(strParam, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
        String urlStr = "https://api.apiopen.top/api/getTime" + "&userName=" + encode;

        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);
        httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36");

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);

             /*
                4. 【对请求结果进行解析】
             */
            //代表本次请求的成功、失败的状态，响应状态码
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();//响应状态码
            if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == statusLine.getStatusCode()) {
                System.out.println("响应成功");

                // 获取所有响应头
                Header[] allHeaders = response.getAllHeaders();
                for (Header header : allHeaders) {
                    System.out.println("响应头" + header.getName() + "的值" + header.getValue());
                }

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

                // 获取单个响应头
                System.out.println("ContentType:" + entity.getContentType());

                System.out.println(toStringResult);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            } else {
                System.out.println("响应失败，响应码:" + statusLine.getStatusCode());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

类似的在请求对象中也有同样的操作获取请求头信息

image-20220818162118292

3.5 保存网络图片到本地

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.5. 保存网络图片到本地
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test05()  {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String urlStr = "https://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/bc66c12ec774395bd7be8d60e6a664d6127ec8fa.jpg@240w_240h_1c_1s.webp";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);

            /*
                4. 【对请求结果进行解析】
             */
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            //从响应头中获取文件类型
            // image/jpg  image/jpeg  image/png  image/图片的后缀
            String contentType = entity.getContentType().getValue();
            String suffix = ".jpg";
            if (contentType.contains("jpg") || contentType.contains("jpeg")) {
                suffix = ".jpg";
            } else if (contentType.contains("bmp") || contentType.contains("bitmap")) {
                suffix = ".bmp";
            } else if (contentType.contains("png")) {
                suffix = ".png";
            } else if (contentType.contains("gif")) {
                suffix = ".gif";
            }

            // 获取文件的字节流
            byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
            // 创建文件输出流，将字节放入流中输出到文件
            String localAbsPath = "/Users/Shared/work/pc/jhwz/SRC/src/test/java/com/baosight/iplat4j/test/httpclient/abc" + suffix;
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(localAbsPath);
            fos.write(bytes);
            fos.close();

            EntityUtils.consume(entity);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

3.6 设置访问代理

http://www.66ip.cn/

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.6. 设置访问代理
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test06()  {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);
        // 创建一个代理
        String ip = "103.168.44.137";
        int port = 3127;
        HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(ip,port);
        //对每一个请求进行配置，会覆盖全局的默认请求配置
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
        httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

3.7 设置连接超时时间、读取超时时间

    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 3.7. 设置访问代理
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test07()  {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                //连接超时，ms,完成tcp3次握手的时间上限
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                //读取超时，ms,表示请求的网址处获取响应数据的时间间隔
                .setSocketTimeout(3000)
                //指从连接池里获取connection的超时时间间隔
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
        httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

image-20220818221843237

四、发送post请求

  • MIME type https://www.w3school.com.cn/media/media_mimeref.asp

    • 含义：Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions,即多用途互联网邮件扩展类型

    • 组成

      信息头含义举例
      MIME-VersionMIME版本1.0
      Content-Type内容类型application/x-www-form-urlencoded , application/json
      Content-Transfer-Encoding编码格式8bit, binary
      Content-Disposition内容排列方式上传文件时
      Content-Disposition:form-data;name=“fileName”;filename=“C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\a.html”
      下载文件时需要设置：
      Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=URLEncoder.encode(“xx.zip”,“UTF-8”)

    • png—服务器上的web容器（Tomcat）通过后缀在conf/web.xml文件中找到对应的mime-mapping —> 设置响应头Content-Type的值为mime-type的值

    • 网页form表单enctype 可用的MIME类型（Content-Type类型）

      1. application/x-www-form-urlencoded
      2. Multipart/form-data
      3. Text/plain

4.1 application/x-www-form-urlencoded

image-20220818225230756

    /**
     * application/x-www-form-urlencoded
     */
    @Test
    public void test01() {
        /*
            1. 【创建一个客户端对象】可关闭的httpclient客户端，相当于你打开的一个浏览器
         */
        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        /*
            2. 【创建请求方式对象】
         */
        // 构造httpPost请求对象
        String urlStr = "https://api.apiopen.top/api/login";
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlStr);
        // 设置请求头
        //不设置Content-Type 默认就是 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");

        //设置请求参数
        ArrayList<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account","zs202051@163.com"));
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
        //把参数集合设置到formEntity
        UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,Consts.UTF_8);
        httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
        // 响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            /*
                3. 【发起请求】
             */
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);

            /*
                4. 【对请求结果进行解析】
             */
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

            System.out.println(toStringResult);

            /*
                5. 【释放资源】
             */
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

4.2 Application/json

image-20220819005216740

    @Test
    public void test02() {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String urlStr = "https://api.apiopen.top/api/login";
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlStr);

        //创建json字符串参数
        String jsonStr =
                "{\n" +
                "  \"account\": \"309324904@qq.com\",\n" +
                "  \"password\": \"123456\"\n" +
                "}";

        //设置请求参数
        StringEntity jsonEntity = new StringEntity(jsonStr,Consts.UTF_8);
        //也可以在这里设置请求内容类型，或在请求头中设置
        //jsonEntity.setContentType("application/json");
        jsonEntity.setContentType(new BasicHeader("Content-Type","application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        //设置entity编码
        jsonEntity.setContentEncoding(Consts.UTF_8.name());
        httpPost.setEntity(jsonEntity);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);

            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

4.3 上传文件

    /**
     * 演示 Content-Disposition
     */
    @PostMapping(value="/test3")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test3(@RequestParam("fileName") MultipartFile[] multipartFiles,
                        String userName, String password, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){

        for (MultipartFile multipartFile : multipartFiles) {
            System.out.println("上传的文件名：" + multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
        }
        System.out.println("其他业务入参：" + userName + "  " + password);

        //获取所有请求头
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String headName = headerNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(headName + ":" + request.getHeader(headName));
        }

        return "test03";
    }

image-20220818164907845

<!--httpclient文件上传时会用到-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
  <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

    @Test
    public void test03() {

        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String urlStr = "http://localhost:8080/test3";
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlStr);


        // 构造上传文件使用的entity
        MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
        builder.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8); // 设置编码
        builder.setContentType(ContentType.create("multipart/form-data",Consts.UTF_8));
        builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); //设置浏览器模式

        // 构建一个filebody对象
        FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(new File("/Users/Shared/work/pc/jhwz/SRC/src/test/java/com/baosight/iplat4j/test/httpclient/JdkHttpClientTest.java"));
        StringBody userNameTextBody = new StringBody("小明",ContentType.create("text/plain",Consts.UTF_8));
        HttpEntity httpEntity = builder
                .addPart("fileName",fileBody)
                .addBinaryBody("fileName",new File("/Users/Shared/work/pc/jhwz/SRC/src/test/java/com/baosight/iplat4j/test/httpclient/abc.jpg"))
                //对于普通的表单字段如果含有中文的话，不能通过addTextBody,否则乱码
                //text：是指的输入的值
                .addPart("userName",userNameTextBody)
                .addTextBody("password","admin")
                .build();
        httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);

            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

五、请求https连接

  • 安全的
  • 不安全的
    • 通过认证需要的秘钥配置httpclient
    • 通过配置httpclient绕过https安全认证
    /**
     * 使用Httpclient发送get请求
     * 1. 绕过安全协议
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void test08() throws Exception {

        /*
            1. 【创建一个客户端对象】可关闭的httpclient客户端，相当于你打开的一个浏览器
         */
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
                .register("https", trustHttpsCertificates())
                .build();

        //创建一个ConnectionManager
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
        //定制closeableHttpClient
        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(pool);

        //配置好后通过build获取对象
        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();


        String urlStr = "https://www.baidu.com/";
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr);


        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String toStringResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            System.out.println(toStringResult);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (closeableHttpClient != null) {
                try {
                    closeableHttpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 创建支持安全协议的连接工厂
    private ConnectionSocketFactory trustHttpsCertificates() throws Exception {
        SSLContextBuilder sslContextBuilder = new SSLContextBuilder();

        sslContextBuilder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
            // 判断是否信任url
            @Override
            public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                return true;
            }
        });
        SSLContext sslContext = sslContextBuilder.build();
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                new String[]{"SSLv2Hello", "SSLv3", "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2"}, null, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
        return sslConnectionSocketFactory;
    }

六、使用httpclient连接池

  • 性能
  • 连接的复用

七、封装通用的HttpClientUtil

package com.baosight.iplat4j.test.httpclient;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.pool.PoolStats;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;


@Slf4j
public class HttpClientUtil {
    private static  CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm;
    static {
        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
        /*
         一、绕过不安全的https请求的证书验证
         */
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
                .register("https", trustHttpsCertificates())
                .build();
        /*
          二、创建连接池管理对象
         */
        cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
        cm.setMaxTotal(50); // 连接池最大有50个连接,<=20
        /*
            roadjava.com域名/ip+port 就是一个路由，
            http://www.roadjava.com/s/spsb/beanvalidation/
            http://www.roadjava.com/s/1.html
            https://www.baidu.com/一个域名，又是一个新的路由
         */
        cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(50); // 每个路由默认有多少连接,<=2
        httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(cm);
        /*
        三、设置请求默认配置
         */
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setSocketTimeout(3000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
        httpClientBuilder.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig);
        /*
        四、设置默认的一些header
         */
        List<Header> defaultHeaders = new ArrayList<>();
        BasicHeader userAgentHeader = new BasicHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36");
        defaultHeaders.add(userAgentHeader);
        httpClientBuilder.setDefaultHeaders(defaultHeaders);

        // 线程安全,此处初始化一次即可,通过上面的配置来生成一个用于管理多个连接的连接池closeableHttpClient
        closeableHttpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();
    }

    /**
     * 构造安全连接工厂
     * @return SSLConnectionSocketFactory
     */
    private static ConnectionSocketFactory trustHttpsCertificates() {
        SSLContextBuilder sslContextBuilder = new SSLContextBuilder();
        try {
            sslContextBuilder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
                // 判断是否信任url
                @Override
                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    return true;
                }
            });
            SSLContext sslContext = sslContextBuilder.build();
            return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                    new String[]{"SSLv2Hello","SSLv3","TLSv1","TLSv1.1","TLSv1.2"}
                    ,null, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("构造安全连接工厂失败",e);
            throw new RuntimeException("构造安全连接工厂失败");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送get请求
     * @param url 请求url,参数需经过URLEncode编码处理
     * @param headers 自定义请求头
     * @return 返回结果
     */
    public static String executeGet(String url, Map<String,String> headers) {
        // 构造httpGet请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        // 自定义请求头设置
        if (headers != null) {
            Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = headers.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
                httpGet.addHeader(new BasicHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        // 可关闭的响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            log.info("prepare to execute url:{}",url);
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == statusLine.getStatusCode()) {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                return EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            }else {
                log.error("响应失败,响应码:"+statusLine.getStatusCode());
            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("executeGet error,url:{}",url,e);
        } finally {
            consumeRes(response);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 发送表单类型的post请求
     * @param url 要请求的url
     * @param list 参数列表
     * @param headers 自定义头
     * @return 返回结果
     */
    public static String postForm(String url, List<NameValuePair> list, Map<String,String> headers) {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        if (headers != null) {
            Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = headers.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
                httpPost.addHeader(new BasicHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        // 确保请求头一定是form类型
        httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
        // 给post对象设置参数
        UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,Consts.UTF_8);
        httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
        // 响应处理
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            log.info("prepare to execute url:{}",httpPost.getRequestLine());
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == statusLine.getStatusCode()) {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                return EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            }else {
                log.error("响应失败,响应码:"+statusLine.getStatusCode());
            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("executeGet error,url:{}",url,e);
        } finally {
            consumeRes(response);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 发送json类型的post请求
     * @param url 请求url
     * @param body json字符串
     * @param headers 自定义header
     * @return 返回结果
     */
    public static String postJson(String url, String body, Map<String,String> headers) {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 设置请求头
        if (headers != null) {
            Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = headers.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
                httpPost.addHeader(new BasicHeader(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        // 确保请求头是json类型
        httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type","application/json; charset=utf-8");
        /*
        设置请求体
         */
        StringEntity jsonEntity = new StringEntity(body, Consts.UTF_8);
        jsonEntity.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        jsonEntity.setContentEncoding(Consts.UTF_8.name());
        httpPost.setEntity(jsonEntity);

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);
            printStat();
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == statusLine.getStatusCode()) {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                return EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            }else {
                log.error("响应失败,响应码:"+statusLine.getStatusCode());
            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("executeGet error,url:{}",url,e);
        } finally {
            consumeRes(response);
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static void printStat() {
        // 连接池的最大连接数 50
//        log.info("cm.getMaxTotal():{}",cm.getMaxTotal());
        // 每一个路由的最大连接数 50
//        log.info("cm.getDefaultMaxPerRoute():{}",cm.getDefaultMaxPerRoute());
        PoolStats totalStats = cm.getTotalStats();
        // 连接池的最大连接数 50
//        log.info("totalStats.getMax():{}",totalStats.getMax());
        // 连接池里面有多少连接是被占用了
        log.info("totalStats.getLeased():{}",totalStats.getLeased());
        // 连接池里面有多少连接是可用的
        log.info("totalStats.getAvailable():{}",totalStats.getAvailable());
    }

    private static void consumeRes(CloseableHttpResponse response) {
        // response.close();是关闭连接,不是归还连接到连接池
        if (response != null) {
            try {
                EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error("consume出错",e);
            }
        }
    }
}

使用

public class TestHttpClientUtil {

    @Test
    public void test01() throws Exception {
        String jsonStr = "[{\"purcMatSpecifi\":\"DL8100\",\"purcMatCode\":\"1000000895\",\"purcNum\":2.00,\"purcUnitPriceNoTax\":140.00,\"purcType2\":\"公开采购\",\"remark\":\" \",\"purcPlanName\":\"流程3\",\"purcMatName\":\"钢直尺\",\"purcProjectType\":\"非框架项目\",\"orgUnitCode\":\"010110\",\"otherSpecPara\":\"规格1000mm\",\"reqDatetime\":\"20220527\",\"purcAmount\":580.00,\"purcPlanNo\":\"PP2022072941\",\"purcUnit\":\"0077\",\"buyerUserId\":\"300340\",\"purcPrferBrand\":\" \",\"purcPlanType\":\"年度\",\"recId\":\"20220729000131\"},{\"purcMatSpecifi\":\"UT511\",\"purcMatCode\":\"1000000974\",\"purcNum\":2.00,\"purcUnitPriceNoTax\":150.00,\"purcType2\":\"公开采购\",\"remark\":\" \",\"purcPlanName\":\"流程3\",\"purcMatName\":\"兆欧表\",\"purcProjectType\":\"非框架项目\",\"orgUnitCode\":\"010110\",\"otherSpecPara\":\"输出电压：1000V  短路电流：＜2mA   交流电压750V    直流电压：1000V    （参考优利德品牌UT511型号）\",\"reqDatetime\":\"20220527\",\"purcAmount\":580.00,\"purcPlanNo\":\"PP2022072941\",\"purcUnit\":\"0072\",\"buyerUserId\":\"300340\",\"purcPrferBrand\":\" \",\"purcPlanType\":\"年度\",\"recId\":\"20220729000132\"}]";
        String signature = getSignature("2e1135be-0747-4e8e-afad-163ae4bcb953","c271ff70-22d6-11ed-9076-0775c2b0b3af","23e2d5e7-6d0d-4a7a-9862-fafb5fea1f9f");

        Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
        headerMap.put("User-Agent","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
        headerMap.put("Accept","*/*");
        headerMap.put("Accept-Encoding","gzip,deflate,br");
        headerMap.put("Connection","Keep-Alive");
        headerMap.put("appid", "2e1135be-0747-4e8e-afad-163ae4bcb953");
        headerMap.put("apiname", "c271ff70-22d6-11ed-9076-0775c2b0b3af");
        headerMap.put("signature", signature.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", ""));


        String result = HttpClientUtil.postJson("http://10.200.92.7/clientgateway/", jsonStr, headerMap);
        System.out.println(result);
    }

    /**
     * 获得总线接口需要的验证参数
     * @param appid
     * @param apiname
     * @param appkey
     * @return
     */
    public static String getSignature(String appid,String apiname,String appkey) throws Exception{
        String stringtosign = appid+ apiname + new Date().getTime();
        String key = appkey.replace("-", ""); // key 要去“-”
        SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes("utf-8"), "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
        byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(stringtosign.getBytes("utf-8"));
        String signature = new BASE64Encoder().encode(bytes);
        return signature;
    }
}

八、Hutool工具httpclient使用

发送 application/json 类型的请求

@Test
public void test02() throws Exception {
    String jsonStr = "[{\"purcMatSpecifi\":\"DL8100\",\"purcMatCode\":\"1000000895\",\"purcNum\":2.00,\"purcUnitPriceNoTax\":140.00,\"purcType2\":\"公开采购\",\"remark\":\" \",\"purcPlanName\":\"流程3\",\"purcMatName\":\"钢直尺\",\"purcProjectType\":\"非框架项目\",\"orgUnitCode\":\"010110\",\"otherSpecPara\":\"规格1000mm\",\"reqDatetime\":\"20220527\",\"purcAmount\":580.00,\"purcPlanNo\":\"PP2022072941\",\"purcUnit\":\"0077\",\"buyerUserId\":\"300340\",\"purcPrferBrand\":\" \",\"purcPlanType\":\"年度\",\"recId\":\"20220729000131\"},{\"purcMatSpecifi\":\"UT511\",\"purcMatCode\":\"1000000974\",\"purcNum\":2.00,\"purcUnitPriceNoTax\":150.00,\"purcType2\":\"公开采购\",\"remark\":\" \",\"purcPlanName\":\"流程3\",\"purcMatName\":\"兆欧表\",\"purcProjectType\":\"非框架项目\",\"orgUnitCode\":\"010110\",\"otherSpecPara\":\"输出电压：1000V  短路电流：＜2mA   交流电压750V    直流电压：1000V    （参考优利德品牌UT511型号）\",\"reqDatetime\":\"20220527\",\"purcAmount\":580.00,\"purcPlanNo\":\"PP2022072941\",\"purcUnit\":\"0072\",\"buyerUserId\":\"300340\",\"purcPrferBrand\":\" \",\"purcPlanType\":\"年度\",\"recId\":\"20220729000132\"}]";
    Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
    headerMap.put("User-Agent","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
    headerMap.put("Accept","*/*");
    headerMap.put("Accept-Encoding","gzip,deflate,br");
    headerMap.put("Connection","Keep-Alive");
    headerMap.put("appid", "xxxxxxxx");
    headerMap.put("apiname", "xxxxxxx");
    headerMap.put("signature", signature.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", ""));


    String connection = HttpRequest.post("http://xxxxxx/clientgateway/")
            .contentType("application/json")
            .addHeaders(headerMap)
            .body(jsonStr).execute().body();

    System.out.println(connection);
}

发送 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 类型的请求

//获取code的值，用于接口中查询使用
HashMap map = new HashMap();
String code = inInfo.getString("code");
Preconditions.checkArgument(StringUtils.isNotBlank(code),"code参数不能为空");
Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("isToken", "false");
headerMap.put("Authorization", "Basic xxxxxxxxxxxx");

HashMap<String, Object> m = new HashMap();
m.put("grant_type", "authorization_code");
m.put("code", code);
m.put("redirect_uri","http://localhost:8080/");

//发送http请求  'http://10.200.92.16/sso/auth/oauth/token'
String connection = HttpRequest.post("http://xxxxxxx/sso/auth/oauth/token")
  .contentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
  .addHeaders(headerMap)
  .form(m).execute().body();
System.out.println(connection);
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