目录
概述
文件:分为文本和二进制两种类型
文件之间以流的形式传输。文件流:有序的、有始有终的字节集合
json 一种轻量级的数据交换,独立于编程语言,可通用
pickle 可存储多个数据
shelve 类似字典
代码
# author:wsm805@qq.com
# create:2019/9/16 9:41
# 读取程序数据
n = "读取程序数据"
print(n)
# 字符串转为程序语句
s = "print('hello world')"
print(s) # print('hello world')
eval(s) # hello world
# 读写文件数据(将丢失数据类型)
# 1.f = open(文件名,读/写,编码),必须close,文件不存在则报错
# 2.with open() as f: 自动关闭文档,无须close
f1 = open("file_read.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8')
txt = f1.read()
print(txt)
f1.close()
with open(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\file1.txt", 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write("使用with open对文件进行操作")
print("写入完成,无须close")
# 【json文件】 写入:dump 读取:load
import json
users = {
"admin": {"username": "admin", "password": "123456"},
"manager": {"username": "manager", "password": "654321"}
}
with open("task2.txt", "w") as fw:
json.dump(users, fw)
print("写入完毕!")
with open("task2.txt", "r") as fr:
content = json.load(fr)
print(content, type(content))
# 【pickle】 可存储多个数据
import pickle
i = 666
f = 3.1415926537
s = "hello hi"
b = True
li = [1, 2, 3]
user = {"admin", "manager", "张三"}
# 声明一个列表把多个数据存储起来
list1 = [i, f, s, b, li, user]
with open("task4.txt", "wb") as fw:
### !先确定传入数据的数量:
pickle.dump(len(list1), fw)
for i in list1:
pickle.dump(i, fw)
print("存储完毕!")
with open("task4.txt", "rb") as fr:
# 先确定存了多少个数据
num = pickle.load(fr)
# 读取数据
for i in range(num):
content = pickle.load(fr)
print(content)
# 【shelve】类似字典
import shelve
f = shelve.open("shelve_test") # 生成三个文件:.bak备份/.dat数据/.dir文件
f["int"] = 10
f["user"] = {"user_name": "abc", "password": "123456"}
print(f["user"])
print(f["user22"]) # 不存在则报错
f.close() # 不用with时必须关闭
总结
文件的read会丢失数据类型
使用json/pickle/shelve进行序列化和反序列化,可以保持数据类型
shelve数据格式类似字典,使用方式类似普通的文件io,open时必须close,with open时默认关闭文件