python 进程和线程

进程

• 创建进程

from multiprocessing import Process


def func1():
    print("func1...")


def func2():
    print("func2...")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p1 = Process(target=func1)
    p2 = Process(target=func2)

    p1.start()
    p2.start()
	
	# 进程等待
    # p1.join()
    # p2.join()

• 为进程传入参数

import time
from multiprocessing import Process
import os


def task(x, y, **kwargs):
    # **kwargs是一个字典可变参数
    print(f"process {os.getpid()} is running...")
    print(x, y, kwargs)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = Process(target=task, name="进程名字", args=(10, 30), kwargs={"introduce": "welcome"})
    p.start()

    print(p.name)

    # 进程运行1秒后终止
    time.sleep(1)
    p.terminate()
	
	# 查看进程存活状态
    print(p.is_alive())

    p.join()

    print("完成！")

• 进程池

from multiprocessing import Pool
import time
import os


def func(a):
    print(a, os.getpid())
    time.sleep(1)


def funk(b):
    print(b, os.getpid())
    time.sleep(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pool = Pool(2)
    start = time.time()
    for i in range(20):
        pool.apply_async(func, (i,))
        # pool.apply(func,(i,))

    pool.close()
    pool.join()
    end = time.time()

    print(end - start)
    print("finished")

• 总结

1. 创建进程
   p = Process(target=xx)
2. 进程等待
   p.join()
3. 进程终止
   p.terminate()
4. 查看进程存活状态
5. p.is_alive
6. 创建进程池
   pool = Pool(进程数量)
7. 进程开始
   pool.apply_async(func, (i,)) 非阻塞模式
   pool.apply(func, (i,)) 阻塞 不推荐

线程

• 创建线程

1. 直接创建

from threading import Thread


# 1.直接创建
def func():
    print("线程...")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = Thread(target=func)
    t.start()

2. 重写Thread中的run方法

def run():
    print("线程...")


t = Thread()
t.run = run
t.start()

3. 继承Thread，重写run

class MyThread(Thread):

    def run(self) -> None:
        super().run()
        print("进程...")

t = MyThread()
t.start()

• 线程上锁

import threading

lock = threading.Lock()
def func(n):
	lock.acquire()
	n+=1
	lock.release()