win11 wsl子系统centos7安装docker（2024年无坑版）

win11 wsl子系统centos7安装docker（2024年无坑版）

1、使用前需打开window功能

2、安装或更新wsl

wsl --install
wsl --update

3、下载镜像包

centos7镜像安装包：https://github.com/mishamosher/CentOS-WSL

下载解压，双击exe文件执行安装，安装完会在同目录下生产镜像文件，所以在哪里执行这个安装包，你的子系统就会被安装在哪。

接着打开cmd，输入

wsl

即可进入系统。如果想进入指定发行版，

wsl -d 发行版名字

如：

wsl -d CentOS792

4、启用 systemd 管理 Linux 服务

echo -e "[boot]\nsystemd=true" | sudo tee -a /etc/wsl.conf

然后通过 PowerShell 使用 wsl.exe --shutdown 来关闭 WSL 发行版以重启 WSL 实例，其实叉掉cmd界面再打开也可以。

参考官方文档：https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/systemd

5、重新设置密码

passwd root

6、软件源配置

先备份一下

cp -rv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d_bak

配置：

配置CentOS 软件国内源仓库

方法一：

主要是替换http://mirror.centos.org为https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
下面是替换的脚本

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
 -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault|g' \
 -i.bak \
 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo

提示： 也可以使用vim打开页面手动替换

方法二：

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo

方法三（推荐）：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

然后运行

yum makecache

生成缓存

7、安装docker

升级软件包

yum  update

卸载旧版本（如果之前安装过的话）

yum remove docker  docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另两个是devicemapper驱动依赖

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

添加docker-ce安装源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo（中央仓库） 
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo（阿里仓库）（推荐）

如果不可用，可以自己手动创建一个docker-ce.repo文件

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

填入：

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/x86_64/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/debug-x86_64/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/x86_64/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/debug-x86_64/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/x86_64/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/debug-x86_64/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7.9/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

选择docker版本并安装，查看可用版本有哪些

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

安装（这里默认最新）

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli \
containerd.io \
docker-buildx-plugin \
docker-compose-plugin

启动服务并设置开机自启：

systemctl start docekr
systemctl enable docekr

如果报错：Failed to start docker.service: Unit not found.

则直接新建一个 Docker 服务文件：

创建一个新的 Docker 服务文件：

sudo vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

在文件中添加以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

# Note that StartLimit* options were moved from "Service" to "Unit" in systemd 229.
# Both the old, deprecated, and new location are accepted by systemd 229 and up, so using the old location
# to make them work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitBurst=3

# Note that StartLimitInterval was renamed to StartLimitIntervalSec in systemd 230.
StartLimitInterval=60s

# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity

# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not support it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this option.
TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0

# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes

# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

或者

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target docker.socket firewalld.service containerd.service time-set.target
Wants=network-online.target containerd.service
Requires=docker.socket

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutStartSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

# Note that StartLimit* options were moved from "Service" to "Unit" in systemd 229.
# Both the old, and new location are accepted by systemd 229 and up, so using the old location
# to make them work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitBurst=3

# Note that StartLimitInterval was renamed to StartLimitIntervalSec in systemd 230.
# Both the old, and new name are accepted by systemd 230 and up, so using the old name to make
# this option work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitInterval=60s

# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity

# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not support it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this option.
TasksMax=infinity

# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes

# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-500

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载 systemd 配置以使新创建的服务文件生效：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

启动 Docker 并将其设置为开机自启动：

sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

如果还报错，就仔细看看上方的docker.service配置是不是漏了错了

可以用这个手动启动命令看看能不能启动，要是能启动，就证明docker安装成功但docker.service搞错了，重新检查一下

dockerd

运行以下命令验证 Docker 是否安装成功：

systemctl status docker.service

至此，docker安装完毕！
-------------其他---------------：

①. 安装 OpenSSH 服务（如果尚未安装）：

sudo yum install openssh-server

②. 启动 SSH 服务：

sudo systemctl start sshd

③. 确保 SSH 服务在系统启动时自动启动：

sudo systemctl enable sshd

④看状态

sudo systemctl status sshd

---

配置加速镜像：

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

填入如下内容：

个人专属加速镜像，自己去阿里云申请

{
        "registry-mirrors": [
            "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com",
            "https://nyxpemm4.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
            "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
            "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
            "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
            "https://cr.console.aliyun.com/"
        ]
}

要是需要代理，填自己的地址：

export http_proxy="http://192.168.1.104:10809"
export https_proxy="http://192.168.1.104:10809"

验证：

curl -I http://www.google.com
curl cip.cc
curl ip.sb

安装docker管理工具portainer-ce中文版：

docker pull 6053537/portainer-ce:latest

---

wsl的一些常用命令：

wsl配置

vim /etc/wsl.conf

wsl清单（cmd）

wsl --list

卸载某一版本（cmd）

wsl --unregister CentOS793

设置某一版本为默认版本（cmd）

wsl --set-default CentOS7