Filter的用处
- Filter等价于Servlet,都是用来在后端处理请求的,只不过通常是用来实现多个servlet共有的操作,即将多个servlet中共有的操作抽取出来放到filter里执行。比如设置编码格式,权限验证,登录验证。
- 过滤器可以降低代码的冗余度
- 过滤的操作可以针对前端的请求,也可以针对后端返回的响应。
Filter的使用(设置编码格式)
1. 导入javax.servlet.Filter类
import javax.servlet.Filter
2. 编写Filter接口的实现类,重写doFilter方法,注意释放请求和响应(filterChain.doFilter(request,response);)
package com.jing.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
// 初始化:web服务器启动时就已经初始化了,随时等待过滤对象出现
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化完毕");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 请求request的编码
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); // 响应response以及浏览器显示的编码
response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK"); // 响应的编码
filterChain.doFilter(request,response); // 释放请求和响应
}
// 销毁:web服务器关闭时,过滤器会被销毁
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁完毕");
}
}
3. 在web.xml中配置过滤器所过滤的请求
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>showServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jing.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>showServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>showServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.jing.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
- 没有过滤器,ShowServlet.java 中自己设置编码格式,否则乱码,每新编写一个servlet都要有这么一行代码用于设置编码格式(记得在web.xml中配置servlet,见上一节)
package com.jing.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
resp.getWriter().write("你好呀,世界!");
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
}