python——线程，多任务

1.无多任务时

完成两个动作需要10秒

import time


def sing():
    """唱歌5秒"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("---正在唱歌：啦啦啦---")
        time.sleep(1)


def dance():
    """跳舞5秒"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("---正在跳舞---")
        time.sleep(1)


def main():

    sing()
    dance()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2.有多任务时

完成两个动作只需5秒

import time
import threading

def sing():
    """唱歌5秒"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("---正在唱歌：啦啦啦---")
        time.sleep(1)


def dance():
    """跳舞5秒"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("---正在跳舞---")
        time.sleep(1)


def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=sing)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=dance)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3.并行与并发

并行：真的多任务（任务数<=cpu）
并发：假的多任务（任务数>cpu）

4.线程

一个程序运行起来后一定有个执行代码的东西，这个东西称之为线程
查看正在运行的主线程，子线程

import threading
import time


def test1():
    for i in range(5):
        print("---test1---%d" %i)
        time.sleep(1)


def test2():
    for i in range(5):
        print("---test2---%d" %i)
        time.sleep(1)


def main():
    t1=threading.Thread(target=test1)
    t2=threading.Thread(target=test2)

    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    while True:
        print(threading.enumerate())
        time.sleep(1)
        
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

通过继承Thread类完成创建线程

import threading
import time


class MyThreading(threading.Thread):
    def run(self):
        for i in range(3):
            time.sleep(1)
            msg = "I'm" + self.name+"@"+str(i)  # name属性中保存的是当前线程的名字
            print(msg)

    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = MyThreading()
    t.start()

多线程共享全局变量

import threading
import time


g_num = 100


def test1():
    global g_num
    g_num += 1
    print("----in test1 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def test2():
    print("----in test2 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2)

    t1.start()
    time.sleep(1)

    t2.start()
    time.sleep(1)

    print("---in main Thread g_num=%d" % g_num)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

如果多线程共享全局变量时出现同时写，则会出现问题！

    g_num += 1表示以下三步：
    1.获取g_num的值
    2.把获取的值+1
    3.把第二部的结果存储到g_num中
    #在python中执行顺序是一行一行执行，多线程共享全局变量时要“雨露均沾”，有可能只执行到第二步就换了别的子线程执行

1. 当参数比较小时出现错误的几率小，有可能不会出现错误：

import threading
import time

g_num = 0


def test1(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    print("----in test1 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def test2(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    print("----in test2 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1,args=(100,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2,args=(100,))

    t1.start()
    t2.start()

    time.sleep(5)

    print("---in main Thread g_num=%d" % g_num)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2.当参数为1000000时，会发现结果不是2000000了：

import threading
import time


g_num = 0


def test1(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    print("----in test1 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def test2(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    print("----in test2 g_num=%d" % g_num)


def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1,args=(1000000,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2,args=(1000000,))

    t1.start()
	t2.start()

	time.sleep(1)

	print("---in main Thread g_num=%d" % g_num)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

解决方法见下篇