JDBC从0到1实战
JDBC
概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库
* JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。
连接数据库
* 步骤:
1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
2.右键-->Add As Library
2. 注册驱动
3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
4. 定义sql
5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
6. 执行sql,接受返回结果
7. 处理结果
8. 释放资源
* 代码实现:
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3", "root", "root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "update account set balance = 500 where id = 1";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
API详解
1. DriverManager:驱动管理对象
1. 注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动jar
static void registerDriver(Driver driver) :注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager 。
写代码使用: Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
注意:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤。
2.Connection数据库对象
获取数据库连接:
* 方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password)
* 参数:
* url:指定连接的路径
* 语法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称
* 例子:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3
* 细节:如果连接的是本机mysql服务器,并且mysql服务默认端口是3306,则url可以简写为:jdbc:mysql:///数据库名称
* user:用户名
* password:密码
3.Statement:执行sql的对象
1. 执行sql
1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解
2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句
* 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。
3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句
4.ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
* boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,如果不是则返回true
* getXxx(参数):获取数据
* Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
* 参数:
1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1)
2. String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble("balance")
5.PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
1. SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a
2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a'
2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
3. 预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
4. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
1. 可以防止SQL注入
2. 效率更高
实战
1.修改
/**
* @author lj
* @Description: 快速入门
* @date 2020-11-23 13:02
* @QQ 851477108
*/
public class jdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
// Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3","root","root");
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "update account set balance = 100 where id = 1";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果,返回1表示处理的次数
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
statement.close();
conn.close();
}
}
2.插入
public class jdbc2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "insert into account values(null ,'小李','4568')";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果,返回1表示处理的次数
if (count>0){
System.out.println(count);
}else {
System.out.println("失败!");
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//8.释放资源
if (statement!=null){
statement.close();
}
if (conn!=null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}
3.删除
public class jdbc3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "delete from account where id = '9'";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果,返回1表示处理的次数
if (count>0){
System.out.println(count);
}else {
System.out.println("失败!");
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//8.释放资源
if (statement!=null){
statement.close();
}
if (conn!=null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}
4.建表
public class jdbc4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "create table student(id int, name varchar(20))";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果,返回1表示处理的次数
if (count>0){
System.out.println(count);
}else {
System.out.println("失败!");
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//8.释放资源
if (statement!=null){
statement.close();
}
if (conn!=null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}
5.查询一条
public class jdbc5 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "select * from account";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
//6.1游标向下移动一行
rs.next();
//6.2判断是否有数据
//6.3获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
double flag = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id+"-"+name+"-"+flag);
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//8.释放资源
if (rs!=null){
rs.close();
}
if (statement!=null){
statement.close();
}
if (conn!=null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}
6.查询全部
public class jdbc6 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Statement statement = null;
Connection conn = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3","root","root");
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = "select * from account";
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
statement = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
//6.1游标向下移动一行
rs.next();
//6.2循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。
while (rs.next()){
//6.3获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
double flag = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id+"-"+name+"-"+flag);
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//8.释放资源
if (rs!=null){
rs.close();
}
if (statement!=null){
statement.close();
}
if (conn!=null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}
JDBCutil
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
/**
* 文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
*/
static{
//读取资源文件,获取值。
try {
//1. 创建Properties集合类。
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("lj/util/jdbc.properties");
assert res != null;
String path = res.getPath();
//2. 加载文件
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3. 获取数据,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4. 注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
url=jdbc:mysql:///db3
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
public class JDBC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Emp> list = new JDBC().findAll2();
System.out.println(list);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
/**
* 演示JDBC工具类
* @return
*/
public List<Emp> findAll2(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<Emp> list = null;
try {
//1.注册驱动
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接
// conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//3.定义sql
String sql = "select * from emp";
//4.获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6.遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Emp emp = null;
list = new ArrayList<Emp>();
while(rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String ename = rs.getString("ename");
int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
// 创建emp对象,并赋值
emp = new Emp();
emp.setId(id);
emp.setEname(ename);
emp.setJob_id(job_id);
emp.setMgr(mgr);
emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setSalary(salary);
emp.setBonus(bonus);
emp.setDept_id(dept_id);
//装载集合
list.add(emp);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
/*if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return list;
}
}
JDBC事务
1. 事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败。
2. 操作:
1. 开启事务
2. 提交事务
3. 回滚事务
3. 使用Connection对象来管理事务
* 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
* 在执行sql之前开启事务
* 提交事务:commit()
* 当所有sql都执行完提交事务
* 回滚事务:rollback()
* 在catch中回滚事务
public class JDBCshiwu {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//开启手动事务
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//2.定义sql
//2.1 张三 - 500
String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";
//2.2 李四 + 500
String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";
//3.获取执行sql对象
pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);
pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);
//4. 设置参数
pstmt1.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt1.setInt(2,1);
pstmt2.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt2.setInt(2,2);
//5.执行sql
pstmt1.executeUpdate();
// 手动制造异常
int i = 3/0;
pstmt2.executeUpdate();
//提交事务
conn.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
//事务回滚
try {
if(conn != null) {
conn.rollback();
}
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn);
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null);
}
}
}
JDBC防止sql注入-登录案例
public class JDBCSign {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.键盘录入,接受用户名和密码
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//2.调用方法
Boolean flag = new JDBCSign().loginPS(username,password);
//3.判断结果,输出不同语句
if (flag){
//登录成功
System.out.println("登录成功!");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");
}
}
/**
* 登录-判断用户是否存在
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
public boolean login(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = '"+username+"' and '"+password+"'";
//3.获取执行sql的对象
statement = conn.createStatement();
//4.执行查询
rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
return rs.next();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,statement,conn);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 登录-判断用户是否存在使,用PreparedStatement实现
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
public boolean loginPS(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//3.获取执行sql的对象
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//给?赋值
ps.setString(1,username);
ps.setString(2,password);
//4.执行查询
rs = ps.executeQuery();
return rs.next();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,ps,conn);
}
return false;
}
}