15--Django笔记--热门阅读博客排行及缓存提速

15–Django笔记–热门阅读博客排行及缓存提速

一、添加方法

在 utils.py 中增加返回今天阅读数量的函数：

# 获取今天热门阅读博客数据
def get_today_hot_data(content_type):
    today = timezone.now().date() # 取出今天的日期
    read_details = ReadDetail.objects.filter(content_type = content_type, date = today).order_by('-read_num') # 由大到小按照read_num排序
    return read_details[:7] # 限制取前7条数据

然后在 mysite/mysite/views.py 中调用，并传入前端页面：

from django.shortcuts import render
from read_statistics.utils import get_seven_days_read_data, get_today_hot_data
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from blog.models import Blog

def home(request):
    blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog)
    dates, read_nums = get_seven_days_read_data(blog_content_type) # 获取过去7天阅读数量数组

    today_hot_data = get_today_hot_data(blog_content_type) # 获取今日阅读数据

    context = {}
    context['dates'] = dates
    context['read_nums'] = read_nums # 将阅读数组传入前端页面
    context['today_hot_data'] = today_hot_data
    return render(request, 'home.html', context)

前端页面：

<!-- 今天热门博客 -->
<h3>今日热门博客</h3>
    <ul>
        {% for hot_data in today_hot_data %}
            <li>
                <a href="{% url 'blog_detail' hot_data.object_id %}">
                    {{ hot_data.content_object.title }}({{ hot_data.read_num }})
                </a>
            </li>            
        {% empty %}
            <li>今天暂无热门博客</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

过去7天博客统计：

# 获取过去7天热门阅读博客数据
def get_7_days_hot_data(content_type):
    today = timezone.now().date() # 取出今天的日期
    seven_date = today - datetime.timedelta(days = 7)
    read_details = ReadDetail.objects\
        .filter(content_type = content_type, date__lt = today, date__gte = seven_date)\
        .values('content_type', 'object_id')\
        .annotate(read_num_sum = Sum('read_num'))\
        .order_by('-read_num_sum')
    return read_details[:7]

其中， values 是将筛选出来的数据按照content_type和object_id进行分组

annotate 是注释，把read_num的总和记为read_num_sum

为了传给前端页面，需要进行如下操作：

修改 models.py ：

...
from read_statistics.models import ReadNumExpandMethod, ReadDetail
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation
...
# 设置每篇博客的属性
class Blog(models.Model, ReadNumExpandMethod):
...
    read_details = GenericRelation(ReadDetail)
...

修改 views.py ：

from django.shortcuts import render
from read_statistics.utils import get_seven_days_read_data, get_today_hot_data, get_yesterday_hot_data, get_7_days_hot_data
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from blog.models import Blog
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.db.models import Sum

def get_7_days_blogs():
    today = timezone.now().date() # 取出今天的日期
    seven_date = today - datetime.timedelta(days = 7)
    blogs = Blog.objects.filter(read_details__date__lt = today, read_details__date__gte = seven_date)\
        .values('id', 'title')\
        .annotate(read_num_sum = Sum('read_details__read_num'))\
        .order_by('-read_num_sum')
    return blogs

def home(request):
    blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog)
    dates, read_nums = get_seven_days_read_data(blog_content_type) # 获取过去7天阅读数量数组

    today_hot_data = get_today_hot_data(blog_content_type) # 获取今日阅读数据
    yesterday_hot_data = get_yesterday_hot_data(blog_content_type) # 获取昨日阅读数据
    seven_days_hot_data = get_7_days_blogs() # 过去7天的阅读数据

    context = {}
    context['dates'] = dates
    context['read_nums'] = read_nums # 将阅读数组传入前端页面
    context['today_hot_data'] = today_hot_data
    context['yesterday_hot_data'] = yesterday_hot_data
    context['seven_days_hot_data'] = seven_days_hot_data
    return render(request, 'home.html', context)

二、缓存数据

数据库缓存

在 settings.py 中添加以下代码：

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
        'LOCATION': 'my_cache_table',
    }
}

设置、访问缓存方法：

注：在使用缓存之前，需要先设置缓存表：

python3 manage.py createcachetable

使用缓存：

...
from django.core.cache import cache
...

def home(request):
    blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog)
    dates, read_nums = get_seven_days_read_data(blog_content_type) # 获取过去7天阅读数量数组

    # 获取7天热门博客的缓存数据
    hot_blogs_for_7_days = cache.get('hot_blogs_for_7_days')
    if hot_blogs_for_7_days is None:
        hot_blogs_for_7_days = get_7_days_blogs()
        cache.set('hot_blogs_for_7_days', hot_blogs_for_7_days, 3600)
    else:
        print('use cache')

    today_hot_data = get_today_hot_data(blog_content_type) # 获取今日阅读数据
    yesterday_hot_data = get_yesterday_hot_data(blog_content_type) # 获取昨日阅读数据
    hot_blogs_for_7_days = get_7_days_blogs() # 过去7天的阅读数据

    context = {}
    context['dates'] = dates
    context['read_nums'] = read_nums # 将阅读数组传入前端页面
    context['today_hot_data'] = today_hot_data
    context['yesterday_hot_data'] = yesterday_hot_data
    context['hot_blogs_for_7_days'] = hot_blogs_for_7_days
    return render(request, 'home.html', context)