TCP编程
TCP编程模型
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/92daeaf2df6e9c64a10a0eb160cb96ca.png)
- TCP客户端服务器编程模型
- 客户端调用序列
- 调用socket函数创建套接字
- 调用connect连接服务器端
- 调用I/O函数(read/write)与服务器端通讯
- 调用close关闭套接字
- 服务器端调用序列
- 调用socket函数创建套接字
- 调用bind绑定本地地址和端口
- 调用listen启动监听
- 调用accept从已连接队列中提取客户连接
- 调用I/O函数(read/write)与服务器端通讯
- 调用close关闭套接字
- 套接字与地址绑定
#include <sys/socket.h>
int bind(int sockfd,
const struct sockaddr* addr,
socklen_t len);
#include <sys/socket.h>
int getsockname(int sockfd,
struct sockaddr* restrict addr,
socklen_t* restrict alenp);
#include <sys/socket.h>
int getpeername(int sockfd,
struct sockaddr* restrict addr,
socklen_t* restrict alenp);
- 建立连接
#include <sys/socket.h>
int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr* restrict addr, socklen_t* restrict len);
#include <sys/socket.h>
int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr* addr, socklen_t len);
基于TCP协议的服务器和客户端编程
- 服务器编程:
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int sockfd;
void sig_handler(int signo)
{
if(signo==SIGINT)
{
printf("server close\n");
close(sockfd);
exit(1);
}
}
void out_addr(struct sockaddr_in *clientaddr)
{
int port = ntohs(clientaddr->sin_port);
char ip[16];
memset(ip,0,sizeof(ip));
inet_ntop(AF_INET,
&clientaddr->sin_addr.s_addr,
ip, sizeof(ip));
printf("client: %s(%d) connected\n",ip,port);
}
void do_service(int fd)
{
long t = time(0);
char *s = ctime(&t);
size_t size = strlen(s) * sizeof(char);
if(write(fd, s, size) != size)
{perror("write error");}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc<2)
{
printf("usage:%s #port\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if(signal(SIGINT, sig_handler)==SIG_ERR)
{
perror("signal sigint error");
exit(1);
}
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
memset(&serveraddr,0,sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr,
sizeof(serveraddr))<0)
{perror("bind error");exit(1);}
if(listen(sockfd, 10)<0)
{perror("listen error");exit(1);}
struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
socklen_t clientaddr_len = sizeof(clientaddr);
while(1){
int fd = accept(sockfd,
(struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr,
&clientaddr_len);
if(fd<0){
perror("accept error");
continue;
}
out_addr(&clientaddr);
do_service(fd);
close(fd);
}
return 0;
}
- 客户端编程
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc<3){
printf("usage: %s ip port\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd<0){printf("socket error");exit(1);}
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
memset(&serveraddr,0,sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],
&serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr,
sizeof(serveraddr))<0){
perror("connect error");
exit(1);
}
char buffer[1024];
memset(buffer,0,sizeof(buffer));
size_t size;
if((size = read(sockfd,
buffer,sizeof(buffer)))<0){
perror("read error");
exit(1);
}
if(write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, size) != size){
perror("write error");
exit(1);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
- 调试输出:
打开服务器等待客户端连接,客户端连接后获取时间信息并打印
服务器:
$ ./time_tcp_server 8888
client: 127.0.0.1(54140) connected
client: 127.0.0.1(54144) connected
client: 127.0.0.1(54146) connected
^Cserver close
客户端:
$ ./time_tcp_client 127.0.0.1 8888
Mon May 17 10:42:32 2021
$ ./time_tcp_client 127.0.0.1 8888
Mon May 17 10:42:57 2021
$ ./time_tcp_client 127.0.0.1 8888
Mon May 17 10:43:02 2021
$ ./time_tcp_client 127.0.0.1 8888
connect error: Connection refused
TCP连接和关闭的过程
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3c87a9aa7272137088fb0aee4056f77e.png)