（动手学习深度学习）第6章卷积神经网络---LeNet

LeNet

LeNet（LeNet-5）由以下两个部分组成：

• 卷积编码器：由两个卷积层组成。
• 全连接稠密块：由3个全连接层组成。

总结

• LeNet是早期成功的神经网络；
• 先使用卷积层来学习图片的空间信息；
• 然后通过池化层来降低图片的敏感度；
• 最后使用全连接层来转换到类别空间。

简化LeNet

• 输入图像为FASHION-MNIST：[28, 28]
  

代码实现简化LeNet

1. 导入相关库

import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l

2. 定义网络模型

class Reshape(torch.nn.Module):
    # 将数据集的形状改为[批量大小，通道数，长，宽]
    def forward(self, x):
        return x.view(-1, 1, 28, 28)

net = torch.nn.Sequential(
    Reshape(),  # [1, 1, 28,28]
    
    nn.Conv2d(1, 6, kernel_size=5, padding=2), nn.Sigmoid(),  # [1, 6, 28, 28]
    nn.AvgPool2d(2, stride=2),  # [1, 6, 14, 14]
    
    nn.Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5), nn.Sigmoid(),  # [1, 16, 10, 10]
    nn.AvgPool2d(2, stride=2),   # [1, 16, 5, 5]
    
    nn.Flatten(),  # [1, 16*5*5]
    
    nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120), nn.Sigmoid(),  # [1, 120]
    nn.Linear(120, 84), nn.Sigmoid(),  # [1, 84]
    nn.Linear(84, 10))  # [1, 10]

3. 查看模型

X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 28, 28), dtype=torch.float32)
for layer in net:
    X = layer(X)
    print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape: \t', X.shape)

4. 加载Fashin-MNIST数据集

batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)

# 查看训练集的内容：[批量大小，通道数，长，宽]
train_X,train_y = next(iter(train_iter))
train_X.shape, train_y.shape

# 查看验证集的内容：[批量大小，通道数，长，宽]
test_X,test_y = next(iter(test_iter))
test_X.shape, test_y.shape

5. 计算精度

def evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, data_iter, device=None):
    """使用GPU计算模型在数据集上的精度"""
    if isinstance(net, torch.nn.Module):
        net.eval()
        if not device:
            device = next(iter(net.parameters())).device
    metric = d2l.Accumulator(2)
    for X, y in data_iter:
        if isinstance(X, list):
            X = [x.to(device) for x in X]
        else:
            X = X.to(device)
        y = y.to(device)
        metric.add(d2l.accuracy(net(X), y), y.numel())
    return metric[0] / metric[1]  # # 分类正确的个数/样本总数

6. 定义训练函数

• 为了使用GPU，得修改3.6的训练函数
  • 训练输入、标签 放入GPU
  • 训练模型放入GPU
  • 验证输人放入GPU

def train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, device):
    """使用GPU训练模型（在第6章定义）"""
    global train_l, test_acc, train_acc, metric

    def init_weights(m):
        if type(m) == nn.Linear or type(m) == nn.Conv2d:
            nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
    net.apply(init_weights)
    print('training on: ', device)
    net.to(device)
    optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', xlim=[1, num_epochs],
                            legend=['train loss', 'train acc', 'test acc'])
    timer, num_batches = d2l.Timer(), len(train_iter)
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        # 训练损失之和，训练准确率之和，样本数
        metric = d2l.Accumulator(3)
        net.train()
        for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
            timer.start()
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            y_hat = net(X)
            l = loss(y_hat, y)
            l.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            metric.add(l * X.shape[0], d2l.accuracy(y_hat, y), X.shape[0])
            timer.stop()
            train_l = metric[0] / metric[2]
            train_acc = metric[1] / metric[2]
            if (i + 1) % (num_batches // 5) == 0 or i == num_batches - 1:
                animator.add(epoch + (i + 1) / num_batches,
                             (train_l, train_acc, None))
        test_acc = evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter)
        animator.add(epoch + 1, (None, None, test_acc))
    print(f'loss: {train_l:.3f}, train acc: {train_acc:.3f},'
          f'test acc: {test_acc:.3f}')
    print(f'{metric[2] * num_epochs / timer.sum():.1f} examples/sec, '
          f'on {str(device)}')

7. 训练模型

lr, num_epochs = 1, 10  # 课本中给的lr是0.9 要是激活函数替换曾ReLU，学习率也应该调低，精度就会变大
train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())