Hibernate保姆级入门

Hibernate保姆级入门

一、什么是hibernate

1. 对象与关系型数据之间的映射管理框架
2. ORM框架/持久层框架 ORM (Object Relational Mapping) : 对象关系映射
   优点：跨数据库的无缝移植 (SqlServer、Oracle、MySql)

二、如何在MAVEN项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)

1. 添加hibernate相关依赖
2. 在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<!-- 特殊字符需转义 -->
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 实体相关 -->
		<mapping resource="com/zking/hibernate/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3. 实体类必须实现Serializable接口

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<!-- 
	name:指向定义实体类的全路径名
	 -->
	<class name="com.zking.hibernate.entity.User" table="t_user_hb">
		<!-- 
		name:实体类的属性名
		type:实体类属性的数据类型
		column:数据库表中的字段名
		 -->
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name"></property>
		<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd"></property>
		<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name"></property>
		<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex"></property>
		<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday"></property>
		<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime" type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime"></property>
		<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark"></property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

三、如何使用hibernate完成CRUD操作

1. 增加

package com.zking.hibernate.test;

import java.sql.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zking.hibernate.entity.User;

public class Demo01 {

	/**
	 * 增
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	    // 1 读取配置
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
	    // 2 创建SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
	    // 3 打开Session
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	    // 4 开启事务
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	    // 5 CURD
		User user = new User();
		user.setUserName("wweee");
		user.setUserPwd("123");
		user.setRealName("王五");
		user.setSex("男");
		user.setBirthday(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
		//增加
		session.save(user);
		
	    // 6 提交事务/回滚事务
		transaction.commit();
//		transaction.rollback();
	    // 7 关闭Session
		session.close();
	}

}

2. 删除

package com.zking.hibernate.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zking.hibernate.entity.User;

public class Demo03 {
	/**
	 * 删除
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(3);
		//提高代码健壮性，先查后删除
		User u = session.get(User.class, user.getId());
		if(null != u) {
			session.delete(u);
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
//		transaction.rollback();
		session.close();
		
	}
}

3. 修改

package com.zking.hibernate.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zking.hibernate.entity.User;

public class Demo04 {
	/**
	 * 修改
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//获取配置文件
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
		//创建sessionFactory
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		//开启会话
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		//开始执行
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//CURD
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(1);
		User u = session.get(User.class, user.getId());
		if(null!=u) {
			u.setUserPwd("123456");
		}
		
		//提交或者回滚
		transaction.commit();
		//关闭会话
		session.close();
	}
}

4. 查单个

package com.zking.hibernate.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zking.hibernate.entity.User;

public class Demo02 {
	/**
	 * 查单个
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	    //1 读取配置
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
	    //2 创建SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
	    //3 打开Session
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	    //4 开启事务
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	    //5 CURD
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(2);
		
		User u = session.get(User.class, user.getId());
		System.out.println(u);
		
	    //6 提交事务/回滚事务
		transaction.commit();
		//transaction.rollback();
	    //7 关闭Session
		session.close();
	}
}

---

对于以上代码可封装一个辅助类简化第 1、2、3、7步骤

package com.zking.hibernate.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class SessionFactoryUtil {
	//定义hibernate核心配置文件的默认位置
	private static final String CONFIGURATION_FILE_NAME = "hibernate.cfg.xml";
	
	/**
	 * 使用ThreadLocal模式 (线程局部变量模式) 管理Session
	 * 
	 * ThreadLocal的原理：在ThreadLocal类中有一个Map，用于存储每一个线程的变量的副本。
	 * 作用：
	 * 1.避免Session被频繁的创建或销毁
	 * 2.在使用Session进行CRUD操作时，避免数据存取混乱
	 * 3.创建线程安全的Session
	 * 4.隔离多个线程的数据共享，避免冲突
	 */
	private static ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
	
	private static Configuration configuration;
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	
	static {
		try {
			//读取配置文件
			//采用默认的hibernate.cfg.xml来启动一个Configuration的实例
			configuration = new Configuration();
			configuration.configure(CONFIGURATION_FILE_NAME);
			//创建SessionFactory实例
			sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 开启会话
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Session openSession() {
		//通过线程对象.get()方法安全创建Session
		Session session = threadLocal.get();
		//如果该线程还没有Session,则创建一个新的Session
		if(null == session) {
			// 通过sessionFactory打开Session会话
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
			// 将获得的Session变量存储在ThreadLocal变量session里
			threadLocal.set(session);
		}
		return session;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭会话
	 */
	public static void closeSession() {
		Session session = threadLocal.get();
		if(session != null) {
			if(session.isOpen())
				session.close();
			threadLocal.set(null);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 用于测试核心配置文件的能否正确读取
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.openSession();
		System.out.println("Session会话状态："+session.isOpen());
		System.out.println("Session会话已打开");
		SessionFactoryUtil.closeSession();
		System.out.println("Session会话已关闭");
	}
}