node.js 笔记

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-18 23:57:47 发布

这个饕字怎么读

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-18 23:57:47 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44427114/article/details/112861508

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因为切换输入法实在麻烦，能用英文写的都用英文写了。。。

Node.js

1. Modules Introduce

http module

// export 'http' module
var http = require('http');
/*
*   request: get the message that url transmit
*   response: give browser the response message
*
* */
http.createServer(function (req, res){

    // response head setting
    res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    // print a sentence in the page and end the response
    res.end('The end of the fxxking world');
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server ruuning at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

const http = require('http');

/*
*   req get the message that url transmit
*   res give browser the response message
*
* */

http.createServer(function(req, res){
    console.log(req.url); // get url

    // set response head
    // status 200， file type: html， charset: utf-8
    res.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html;charset='utf-8'"});

    res.write('<head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head>')

    res.write('你吃了吗');

    res.write('<h2>你吃了吗</h2>')

    res.end(); // end response
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server ruuning at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

url module

const url = require('url')

var api = 'http://www.itying.com?name=zhangsan&age=20';

// console.log(url.parse(api,true));

var getValue = url.parse(api,true).query;

console.log(getValue);

console.log('name: ${getValue.name}--age:${getValue.age}');

http and url module

const http = require('http');
const url = require('url')

/*
*   req :get the message that url transmit
*   res :give browser the response message
*
* */

http.createServer(function(req, res){
    console.log(req.url); // get url

    // set response head
    // status 200， file type: html， charset: utf-8
    res.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html;charset='utf-8'"});
    res.write('<head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head>')

    console.log(req.url);

    if (req.url!='/favicon.ico'){
        var userInfo = url.parse(req.url,true).query;

        console.log(`name: ${userInfo.name}--age:${userInfo.age}`);
    }

    res.end('你吃了吗'); // end response
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server ruuning at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

custom modules

use exports

without export modules：

const http = require('http');

function formatApi(api){
    return "http://www.itying.com/" + api;
}

http.createServer(function(req, res){

    res.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html;charset='utf-8'"});
    res.write('<head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head>')
    res.write('你吃了吗');

    var api = formatApi('api/plist');
    res.write(api);

    res.end(); // end response
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server ruuning at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

pack into one module：

function formatApi(api){
    return "http://www.itying.com/" + api;
}

exports.formatApi = formatApi

const http = require('http');

const tool = require('./module/tool.js');

http.createServer(function(req, res){

    res.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html;charset='utf-8'"});
    res.write('<head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head>')
    res.write('你吃了吗');

    var api = tool.formatApi('api/focus');
    res.write(api);

    res.end(); // end response
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server ruuning at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

const tool = require(’./module/tool.js’); 注意路径

可以写成

const tool = require(’./module/tool’); 把点js后缀去掉

request.js

var obj={
    get: function(){
        console.log('get data from server')
    },
    post:function(){
        console.log('commit data')
    }
}

exports.xxxx=obj

const request = require('./module/request')

console.log(request)

C:\Users\Jinondo\WebstormProjects\nodejs1215>node commonjs03.js
{ xxxx: { get: [Function: get], post: [Function: post] } }

use module.exports

var obj={
    get: function(){
        console.log('get data from server')
    },
    post:function(){
        console.log('commit data')
    }
}

module.exports = obj

const request = require('./module/request')

console.log(request)

print information:

C:\Users\Jinondo\WebstormProjects\nodejs1215>node commonjs03.js
{ get: [Function: get], post: [Function: post] }

another ways to export

var obj={
    get: function(){
        console.log('get data from server')
    },
    post:function(){
        console.log('commit data')
    }
}

// exports.xxxx=obj
// module.exports = obj

exports.get = function(){
    console.log('get data from server')
}
exports.post = function(){
    console.log('commit data')
}

const request = require('./module/request')

console.log(request)

request.get()

default modules directory

index.js

exports.get = function(){
    console.log('get data from server')
}
exports.post = function(){
    console.log('commit data')
}

commonjs.js

const axios = require('myAxios')
console.log(axios)

axios.get()
axios.post()

the directory construture

在这里插入图片描述

User this kind of directory, notice the ‘node_modules’ and ‘index.js’

and there are three methods to get the modules

const axios = require('./node_modules/myAxios/index.js')

or

const axios = require('myAxios/index.js')

or

const axios = require('myAxios')

it must be the name of 'index.js’

if there is a constructure like this:

在这里插入图片描述

you will find the const db = require('db') it can’t work

because nodejs will only search for the index.js

so you can cd into the db directory and type code:

npm init --yes

to init and create a package.json:

{
  "name": "db",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "db.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}

and then it will work.

2. npm modules

third party modules

create a empty directory and type npm init, create the package.json
Use npm intstall xxx --save

to install modules to your project

make sure add the --save to add the dependencies to the package.json

and when share the project to others, you dont need to copy the node_modules directory

you can just user npm i and then it will help you init the dependencies and modules that you propject need.

md5 and silly-datetime

const md5 = require('md5')

console.log(md5('123456'))

var sd = require('silly-datetime');
var date = sd.format(new Date(), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm');

console.log(date)

Specify a module’s version

use npm install xxx@1.1.1 --save

3. fs module

fs.stat

var fs = require('fs')

// determine a file or a directory
fs.stat('./package.json',(err, stat)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }

    console.log(`is it a file? ${stat.isFile()}`);
    console.log(`is it a directory? ${stat.isDirectory()}`)
})

fs.mkdir

var fs = require('fs')

// create a directory
fs.mkdir('./css',(err)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err)
        return;
    }
    console.log('Successfully created')
})

fs.writeFile

var fs = require('fs')

// create a file and write into something
// if the file has existed, it will substitute the origin file!
fs.writeFile('./html/index.html','hello nodejs, you are so fucking pretty??',(err)=>{
    if(err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log('Successfully');
})

fs.appendFile

var fs = require('fs')

// create a file and write into something
// if the file has existed, it will append the content after
fs.appendFile('./css/base.css','body{color:red}',(error)=>{
    if (error){
        console.log(error);
        return;
    }
    console.log('append file successfully')
})

fs.readFile

var fs = require('fs')

// read file
fs.readFile('./html/index.html',(err,data)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log(data)
    // concert Buffer to String
    console.log(data.toString())
})

fs.readdir

var fs = require('fs')

// read directory structure
fs.readdir('./html/',(err, files)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log('err');
        return;
    }
    console.log(files);
})

fs.rename

var fs = require('fs')

// rename a file or move a file
fs.rename('./css/aaa.css','./css/index.css',(error)=>{
    if (error){
        console.log(error);
        return;
    }
    console.log('rename successfully');
})

var fs = require('fs')

// rename a file or move a file
fs.rename('./css/index.css','./html/index.css',(error)=>{
    if (error){
        console.log(error);
        return;
    }
    console.log('move successfully');
})

fs.rmdir

var fs = require('fs')

// delete a directory
fs.rmdir('./aaaaa',(err)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log('delete directory successfully')
})

fs.unlink

var fs = require('fs')

//delete a file
fs.unlink('./aaaaa/index.css',(err)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log('delete a file successfully')
})

if there is any file in the directory you want to delete, rmdir will fail

must delete files in the directory and then you can delete the directory

4. Examples for fs module

write a mkdir

Determine if there is a specific file, if not, create it

// determine if there is a specific file, if not, create it
const fs = require('fs');
var path = './upload';

fs.stat(path,(err, stats)=>{
    if (err){
        // create directory
        mkdir(path);
        return;
    }
    if (stats.isDirectory()){
        console.log('upload directory existed')
    }else{
        fs.unlink(path,(err)=>{
            if(!err){
                mkdir(path);
            }else{
                console.log('something error with the data transmitted')
            }
        })
    }
})

function mkdir(dir){
    fs.mkdir(dir,(err)=>{
        if (err){
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
    })
}

third party module: mkdirp

const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')

// return value is a Promise resolving to the first directory created
mkdirp('./upload').then(made =>
    console.log(`made directories, starting with ${made}`))

const mkdirp = require('mkdirp')

// return value is a Promise resolving to the first directory created
mkdirp('./upload/aaa/xxx').then(made =>
    console.log(`made directories, starting with ${made}`))

display the content of a directory

first show the wrong way to solve this problem ----- use 'for loop’

const fs = require('fs')

var path = './wwwroot';
var dirArr = [];
fs.readdir(path,(err, files)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    for (var i=0;i<files.length;i++){
        fs.stat(path+'/'+files[i],(err, stats)=>{
            if (stats.isDirectory()){
                dirArr.push(files[i]);
            }
        })
    }
    console.log(dirArr);
})
console.log(dirArr);

codes above can’t work, you will get

[]
[]

another wrong example

// it will print three '3'
for(var i = 0;i<3;i++){
    setTimeout(function (){
        console.log(i);
    },100)
}

3
3
3

the correct way to sovle this problem ( or you can user async and await):

const fs = require('fs')

var path = './wwwroot';
var dirArr = [];
fs.readdir(path,(err, files)=>{
    if (err){
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    (function getDir(i){
        if (i==files.length){
            console.log(dirArr);
            return;
        }
        fs.stat(path+'/'+files[i],(err, stats)=>{
            if (stats.isDirectory()){
                dirArr.push(files[i]);
            }
            getDir(i+1);
        })

    })(0)
})

5. asynchronization

Promise

because of the asynchronization, the code as follow won’t work.

function getData(){
    setTimeout(function (){
        var name="Zhang San"
        return name;
    },1000);
}

console.log(getData());

D:\JetBrains\WebStormProjects\nodejsLearning\nodejs12162>node app.js
undefined

use callback function:

function getData(callback){
    setTimeout(function (){
        var name="Zhang San"
        callback(name)
    },1000);
}
// get data from asynchronous method externally
getData(function (name){
    console.log(name);
})

user Prominse

var p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    setTimeout(function (){
        var name="Zhang San";
        resolve(name);
    },1000);
})

p.then(function (data){
    console.log(data);
})

or pack into a funtion

function getData(resolve, reject){
    setTimeout(function (){
        var name="Zhang San HAHA";
        resolve(name);
    },1000);
}

var p = new Promise(getData)

p.then(function (data){
    console.log(data);
})

async & await

async function test(){
    return "hello fxxk you";
}

console.log(test());

get data from async function by using await:

async function test(){
    return "hello fxxk you";
}

async function main(){
    var data = await test();
    console.log(data);
}
main();

async function test(){
    return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
        setTimeout(function (){
            var name="Zhang San HAHA";
            resolve(name);
        },1000);
    })
}

async function main(){
    var data = await test();
    console.log(data);
}
main();

Example

display the content of a directory

const fs = require('fs')

async function isDir(path){
    return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
        fs.stat(path,(err, stats)=>{
            if (err){
                console.log(err);
                reject(err);
                return;
            }
            if (stats.isDirectory()){
                resolve(true);
            }else{
                resolve(false)
            }
        })
    })
}

function main(){
    var path = './wwwroot';
    var dirArr = [];
    fs.readdir(path,async (err, files)=> {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
        for (var i=0;i<files.length;i++){
            if (await isDir(path+'/'+files[i])){
                dirArr.push(files[i]);
            }
        }
        console.log(dirArr);
    })
}

main();

6. Stream Operation

use for a large number of data

fs.createReadStream

const fs = require('fs')

var readStream = fs.createReadStream('./data/input.txt');

var count = 0;
var str = '';
readStream.on('data',(data)=>{
    str += data;
    count++;

})
readStream.on('end',()=>{
    console.log(str);
    console.log(count);
})

readStream.on('error',(err)=>{
    console.log(err);
})

the end of the fxxking world
the end of the fxxking world
the end of the fxxking world
the end of the fxxking world
the end of the fxxking world
the end of the fxxking world
1

fs.createWriteStream

const fs = require('fs')

var str = '';

for (var i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
    str += 'the end of the fxxking world, i like it\n';
}

var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream('./data/output.txt');

writeStream.write(str);

// signal the end of the file
// you must add this line of code
writeStream.end();

writeStream.on('finish',()=>{
    console.log('finish writing');
})

pipe operation

const fs = require('fs')

var readStream = fs.createReadStream('./aaa.png')

var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream('./data/aaa.png');

readStream.pipe(writeStream);

you can rename the file as well

7. Create a static web server [1]

app.js

const http = require('http');
const fs = require('fs');
const common = require('./modules/common')
const path = require('path')
// import the url modules to get url with parameters
const url = require('url')
http.createServer(function (req,res){

    // http://127.0.0.1:3000/test.html
    // http://127.0.0.1:3000/index.html

    // get url with parameters
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    pathname = pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;

    // get the suffix
    let extname = path.extname(pathname);

    if (pathname!='/favicon.ico'){
        fs.readFile('./static/'+pathname,(err, data)=>{
            if (err){
                res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
                res.end('404 NOT FOUND');
            }
            let mime = common.getMime(extname);
            // for getting the correct Content-Type
            res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':`${mime};charset="utf-8"`});
            res.end(data);
        })
    }

}).listen(3000);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');

common.js

// for getting the correct Content-Type
exports.getMime = function(extname){

    switch (extname){
        case '.html':
            return 'text/html';
        case '.css':
            return 'text/css';
        case '.js':
            return 'text/javascript';
        default:
            return 'text/html';
    }

}

8. Create a static web server [2]

on the basic of code above, we apend a module function to analyze more file type, such as json, jpg…

app.js

const http = require('http');
const fs = require('fs');
const common = require('./modules/common')
const path = require('path')
// import the url modules to get url with parameters
const url = require('url')

http.createServer(function (req,res){

    // http://127.0.0.1:3000/test.html
    // http://127.0.0.1:3000/index.html

    // get url with parameters
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    pathname = pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;

    // get the suffix
    let extname = path.extname(pathname);

    if (pathname!='/favicon.ico'){
        fs.readFile('./static/'+pathname,async (err, data)=>{
            if (err){
                res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
                res.end('404 NOT FOUND');
            }
            let mime = await common.getFileMime(extname);
            res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':`${mime};charset="utf-8"`});
            res.end(data);
        })
    }

}).listen(3000);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');

common.js

const fs = require('fs')

exports.getMime = function(extname){

    switch (extname){
        case '.html':
            return 'text/html';
        case '.css':
            return 'text/css';
        case '.js':
            return 'text/javascript';
        default:
            return 'text/html';
    }

}

// the new function
exports.getFileMime = function (extname){

    return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
        fs.readFile('./data/mime.json',(err, data)=>{
            if (err){
                console.log(err);
                reject(err);
                return;
            }

            let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString());
            // console.log(mimeObj[extname]);
            resolve(mimeObj[extname])
        })
    })

}

In the getFileMime function, we use asynchronous method (return a Promise) to return data.

So in the app.js, we should use async and await to parse the asynchronous operation to synchronous

There is another way to return data in getFileMime without asyncchronization

Use fs.readFileSync:

exports.getFileMime = function (extname){

    var data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');

    let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString());

    return mimeObj[extname];

}

the part changed in app.js:

if (pathname!='/favicon.ico'){
    fs.readFile('./static/'+pathname,(err, data)=>{
        if (err){
            res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
            res.end('404 NOT FOUND');
        }
        let mime = common.getFileMime(extname);
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':`${mime};charset="utf-8"`});
        res.end(data);
    })
}

just delete the async and await

9. Create a static web server [3]

pack the operation of creating stacic web server into a module

app.js

const http = require('http');
const routes = require('./modules/routes');

http.createServer(function (req,res){

    routes.static(req,res,'static');


}).listen(3000);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');

routes.js

const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const url = require('url')

function getFileMime(extname){

    var data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');

    let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString());

    return mimeObj[extname];

}

exports.static = function(req, res,staticPath){

    // get url with parameters
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    pathname = pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;

    // get the suffix
    let extname = path.extname(pathname);

    if (pathname!='/favicon.ico'){
        fs.readFile('./'+ staticPath + pathname,(err, data)=>{
            if (err){
                res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
                res.end('404 not found');
            }
            let mime = getFileMime(extname);
            res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':`${mime};charset="utf-8"`});
            res.end(data);
        })
    }

}

10. Route

make a route manually

on the basic of the 9 part: Create a static web server [3], we create a route by ourselves

app.js

const http = require('http');
const routes = require('./modules/routes');
const url = require('url')

http.createServer(function (req,res){

    routes.static(req,res,'static');

    // get url
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;

    if (pathname=='/login'){
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('login');
    } else if (pathname=='/register'){
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('register');
    }else if (pathname=='/admin'){
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('admin');
    }else {
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('404 NOT FOUND');
    }

}).listen(3000);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');

routes.js

const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const url = require('url')

function getFileMime(extname){

    var data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');

    let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString());

    return mimeObj[extname];

}

exports.static = function(req, res,staticPath){

    // get url with parameters
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    pathname = pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;

    // get the suffix
    let extname = path.extname(pathname);

    if (pathname!='/favicon.ico'){
        try {
            let data = fs.readFileSync('./'+ staticPath + pathname);
            if (data){
                let mime = getFileMime(extname);
                res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':`${mime};charset="utf-8"`});
                res.end(data);
            }
        }catch (error){
            console.log('Not found');
            // console.log(error);
        }
    }

}

The significant points:

In the app.js, you should get the url and then you’re able to do some business logic.
However after you do the thing in the first step, you will find that the static resources can not be found by the url like http://127.0.0.1/index.html. because the function to create a static web server is a asynchronous function, the code after it will faster end the http server.
So you should reform the asynchronous function to a synchronous one by using readFileSync().

11. EJS & Post & Get

EJS

on the basic of part 10 Route, change some codes to do a example of EJS

app.js

const http = require('http');
const routes = require('./modules/routes');
const url = require('url')
const ejs = require('ejs')

http.createServer(function (req,res){

    routes.static(req,res,'static');

    // get url
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;

    if (pathname=='/login'){
        let msg = "data in database";
        let list = [
            {
                brand : 'nike'
            },
            {
                brand : 'visvim'
            },
            {
                brand : 'carhartt'
            },
            {
                brand : 'adidas'
            },
            {
                brand : 'nigel cabourn'
            },
        ];

        // ================ the significant part =============
        ejs.renderFile('./views/login.ejs',{
            msg: msg,
            list:list
        },(err, data)=>{
            res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
            res.end(data);
        })
        // ================ the significant part =============


    } else if (pathname=='/register'){
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('register');
    }else if (pathname=='/admin'){
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('admin');
    }else {
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end('404 NOT FOUND');
    }

}).listen(3000);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');

views/login.ejs

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>ejs template engine</h2>
    <h3>This is a login page</h3>
    <%=msg%>
    <br>

    <ul>
        <%for(var i=0;i<list.length;i++){%>
        <li>
            <%=list[i].brand%>
        </li>
        <%}%>
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

doc: https://www.npmjs.com/package/ejs

Get method

C:\Users\Jinondo>node
Welcome to Node.js v12.18.2.
Type ".help" for more information.
> url.parse('http:/127.0.0.1/index?a=1&b=2',true);
Url {
  protocol: 'http:',
  slashes: null,
  auth: null,
  host: null,
  port: null,
  hostname: null,
  hash: null,
  search: '?a=1&b=2',
  query: [Object: null prototype] { a: '1', b: '2' },
  pathname: '/127.0.0.1/index',
  path: '/127.0.0.1/index?a=1&b=2',
  href: 'http:/127.0.0.1/index?a=1&b=2'
}
>

> url.parse('http:/127.0.0.1/index?a=1&b=2',true).query
[Object: null prototype] { a: '1', b: '2' }

Post method

the part changed in app.js above:

if (pathname=='/login'){

    ejs.renderFile('./views/form.html',{},(err, data)=>{
        res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type' : 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
        res.end(data);
    })

} else if (pathname=='/doLogin'){
    // get 'post' data
    let postData = '';

    // get chunk
    req.on('data',(chunk)=>{
        postData += chunk;
    })
    req.on('end',()=>{

        console.log(postData);
        res.end(postData);
    })

}