python字符串

用单引号或者双引号创建

• 单引号和双引号使用时注意匹配关系，且不可以换行

• 如果要换行，用三单引号或者三双引号

字符串的运算及常见操作

(1)拼接

a="hello"
b=",python."
print(a+b)
'''
结果:
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
hello,python.

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

拼接基于同一种数据类型

(2)重复

a="hello "
print(a*3)
'''
结果:
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
hello hello hello 

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(3)索引(偏移)，切片

索引:[ ]

#遍历字符串"Python"
sr="Python"
for i in range(len(sr)):
    print(sr[i])

#也可以使用:
for i in "Python":
    print(i)
    
'''
结果均为:
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
P 
y
t
h
o
n

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

切片:[:],[: :]

sr = "life is short,you need python."
print(len(sr))  #得出字符串长度
print(sr[:4])
print(sr[1:4:2])
print(sr[3::4])  # 从第三位开始到最后，取+4(步长)位的数，3,7,11...
print(sr[1::2])  # 从第一位开始到最后，取+2位的数，1,3,5,7...
print(sr[::-1])  # 从第一位至末位，步长为1倒序取数
print(sr[::-2])  # 从第一位至末位，步长为1倒序取数
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
30
life
ie
e roepo
iei hr,o edpto.
.nohtyp deen uoy,trohs si efil
.otpde o,rh iei

Process finished with exit code 0

(4)大小写转换

sr="life is short,you NEED python."
print(sr.lower())#转小写
print(sr.upper())#转大写
print(sr.title())#转为标题形式
print(sr.swapcase())#大小写互换
print(sr.capitalize())#转换为首字母大写
'''
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
life is short,you need python.
LIFE IS SHORT,YOU NEED PYTHON.
Life Is Short,You Need Python.
LIFE IS SHORT,YOU need PYTHON.
Life is short,you need python.

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

简单的验证码匹配:

certid = "YHoS"
i = input("请输入验证码:")
if i.lower() == certid.lower():
    print("输入正确")
else:
    print("对不起，输入错误，请重试")
    
'''
(1):错误示范
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
请输入验证码:qudk
对不起，输入错误，请重试

Process finished with exit code 0

(2):正确示范
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
请输入验证码:yhos
输入正确

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(5)字符串的格式输出对齐

#sr.center([len],[填充符号])
sr = "life is short,you need python."
print(sr.center(41, "#"))  # 居中对齐
print(sr.ljust(41, "*"))  # 居左对齐
print(sr.rjust(41, "$"))  # 居右对齐
print(sr.zfill(41))  # 居右对齐，默认填充0
'''
结果:
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
######life is short,you need python.#####
life is short,you need python.***********
$$$$$$$$$$$life is short,you need python.
00000000000life is short,you need python.

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(6)删除指定字符

strip,lstrip,rstrip

sr = "######life is short,you need python.#####"
print(sr.strip("#"))
print(sr.lstrip("#"))
print(sr.rstrip("#"))

'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
life is short,you need python.
life is short,you need python.#####
######life is short,you need python.

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(7)计数

count

sr = "life is short,you need python."
print(sr.count("o"))
print(sr.count("o", 9, 15))  # 在9到15位范围内计算o的个数
print(sr.count("i",9,17))
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
3
1
0

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(8)字符串搜索定位和替换

查找：find，index

sr = "life is short,you need python."
print(sr.find("e"))  # 查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值
print(sr.find("e", 19, 25))  # 在19到25位范围内查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值
print(sr.find("c", 1, 16))  # 查不到，返回-1
print(sr.index("e",19,25))  # 在19到25位范围内查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值
print(sr.index("c",1,16))  #查不到，报错
print(sr.rindex("e",19,25))  #倒序查找
'''
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
3
19
-1
19
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/python_01/string.py", line 71, in <module>
    print(sr.index("c",1,16))
ValueError: substring not found
20
Process finished with exit code 0
'''

替换：

replace

print(sr.replace("t", "T"))
print(sr.replace("t", "T", 1))  #指定替换个数
'''
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
life is shorT,you need pyThon.
life is shorT,you need python.

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(9)字符串条件判断

a = "abc666def"
b = "abc"
c = "hgsk78sowjs#%^"
print(b.isalnum())  # 判断字符串有字母或者数字组成
print(c.isalnum())
print(a.isalpha())  # 判断字符串是否仅有字母
print(b.isalpha())
print(a.isdigit())  # 判断字符串是否仅有数字
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
True
False
False
True
False

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(10)制表符的转化

(11)字符串的分割变换

sr = "life is short,you need python."
print("+".join(sr))  # 将指定字符插入到元素之间
print(sr.split("o"))  # 以指定字符分割字符串并去除该字符
print(sr.split("o", 2))  # 指定用来分割的"o"的个数(即保留第三个及往后的"o")
print(sr.partition("o"))  # 以指定字符分割字符串并保留该字符
'''
结果:
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/string.py
l+i+f+e+ +i+s+ +s+h+o+r+t+,+y+o+u+ +n+e+e+d+ +p+y+t+h+o+n+.
['life is sh', 'rt,y', 'u need pyth', 'n.']
['life is sh', 'rt,y', 'u need python.']
('life is sh', 'o', 'rt,you need python.')

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

(12)ASCII值和字符的转化

# chr()  digit-->alpha
# ord()  alpha-->digit
for i in range(ord("a"), ord("z") + 1):
    print(i, end=' ')
    print(chr(i), end=' | ')
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/zifuchuan.py
97 a | 98 b | 99 c | 100 d | 101 e | 102 f | 103 g | 104 h | 105 i | 106 j | 107 k | 108 l | 109 m | 110 n | 111 o | 112 p | 113 q | 114 r | 115 s | 116 t | 117 u | 118 v | 119 w | 120 x | 121 y | 122 z | 
Process finished with exit code 0
'''

拓展：string模块

import string

print(dir(string))  #查看string模块里的所有内容
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/zifuchuan.py
['Formatter', 'Template', '_ChainMap', '_TemplateMetaclass', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_re', '_string', 'ascii_letters', 'ascii_lowercase', 'ascii_uppercase', 'capwords', 'digits', 'hexdigits', 'octdigits', 'printable', 'punctuation', 'whitespace']

Process finished with exit code 0
'''

print(string.ascii_letters)  # ascii字母
print(string.ascii_lowercase)  # ascii小写字母
print(string.ascii_uppercase)  # assii大写字母
'''
结果：
D:\Python\python.exe D:/python_01/zifuchuan.py
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Process finished with exit code 0
'''