2022-5-3：OpenCV入门（三）数据结构与基本绘图

1.Mat结构

1.几种Mat类复制方法

可以创建只引用部分数据的信息头，如下：

Mat D(A,Rect(10,10,100,100));//使用矩形界定
Mat E=A(Range:all(),Range(1,3));//使用行和列界定

2.显示创建Mat对象的七种方法

（1）使用Mat()构造函数

Mat M(2,2,CV_8UC3,Scalar(0,0,255));//CV_[位数][带符号与否][类型前缀]C[通道数]
cout << "M=" << endl << " " << M << endl << endl;

（2）在C\C++中通过构造函数进行初始化

int sz[3]={2,2,2};
Mat L(3,sz,CV_8UC,Scalar::all(0));//创造超过两维的矩阵

（3）为已存在的IplImage指针创建信息头

IplImage* img=cvLoadImage("1.gpg",1);//OpenCV 4.x已经删去
Mat mtx(img);

（4）利用Create（）函数

M.create(4,4,CV_8UC(2));//只是在改变尺寸时使用
cout << "M=" << endl << " " << M << endl << endl;

（5）采用MATLAB式的初始化方式

Mat E=Mat::eye(4,4,CV_64F);
Mat E=Mat::ones(2,2,CV_32F);
Mat E=Mat::zeros(3,3,CV_8UC1);

（6）对小矩阵使用逗号分隔式初始化

Mat C =(Mat_<double>(3,3) <<0,-1,0,-1,5,-1,0,-1,0);

（7）为已存在的对象创建新信息头

Mat RowClone = C.row(1).clone();

3.输出其他常用数据结构

二维点 ：Point2f p(6,2);
三维点 ：Point3f p3f(8,2,0);
基于Mat的std::vector：
vector<float> v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(5);
v.push_back(7);
cout << "vector=" << endl << " " << Mat(v) << endl << endl;
std::vector点：
vector<Point2f> points(20);
for (size_t i=0;i<points.size();++i)
points[i]=Point2f((float)(i*5),(float)(i%7));
cout<<"points=" <<points<<"；";

2.常用数据结构和函数

1.点的表示：Point类

Point point;
point.x = 10;
point.y= 8;
//Point point =Point(10,8);

2.颜色表示：Scalar类

Scalar(a,b,c)//BGR

3.尺寸的表示：Size类

Size(3,4);//宽为3，高为4

4.矩形的表示：Rect类

Rect类成员变量为x,y,width,heigh;

Size();area()返回矩形面积;
contains(Point)判断点在矩形内;
inside(Rect)判断矩形在矩形内;
tl()返回左上角坐标;br()返回右下角坐标
Rect rect = rect1 & rect2;//交集
Rect rect = rect1 | rect2;//并集
Rect rectshift = rect + point;//平移
Rect rectScale = rect + size;//平移

5.颜色空间转换：cvtColor

void cvtColor(InputArray src,OutputArray dst,int code, int dstCn=0);
//第一个参数为输入图像；第二个为输出图像；第三个为颜色空间转换标识符；第四个参数为通道数。
cvtColor(srcImage,dstImage,COLOR_GRAY2BGR)

应用示例

#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;
//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
int main()
{
	Mat srcImage = imread("1.bmp", 1), dstImage;
	cvtColor(srcImage, dstImage, COLOR_BGR2Lab);
	imshow("效果图",dstImage);
	waitKey();
	return 0;
}

3.基本图形的绘制

1. 直线：line
2. 椭圆：ellipse
3. 矩形：rectangle
4. 圆：circle
5. 多边形：fillPoly

void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle)//绘制椭圆
{
	int thickness = 2;//线宽
	int lineType = 8;//线型

	ellipse(img,
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),//椭圆中心
		Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),//大小
		angle,//旋转角度
		0,//扩展弧度
		360,
		Scalar(255, 129, 0),//蓝色
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center)//绘制圆
{
	int thickness = -1;//线粗为-1，因此绘制的圆是实心的
	int lineType = 8;

	circle(img,
		center,//圆心
		WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,//半径
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),//红色
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

void DrawPolygon(Mat img)//绘制多边形
{
	int lineType = 8;

	//创建一些点
	Point rookPoints[1][20];
	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);

	const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };//多边形顶点集
	int npt[] = { 20 };//多边形顶点数目

	fillPoly(img,
		ppt,
		npt,
		1,//多边形数量
		Scalar(255, 255, 255),//红色
		lineType);
}

void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)//绘制线条
{
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	line(img,
		start,//起点
		end,//终点
		Scalar(0, 0, 0),//黑色
		thickness,//线的粗细
		lineType);
}

应用示例

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
using namespace cv;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】" //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

int main(void)
{
	// 创建空白的Mat图像
	Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
	Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);

	// ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图------------------------

	//【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);

	//【1.2】再绘制圆心
	DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2));

	// ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------------------
	//【2.1】先绘制出多边形
	DrawPolygon(rookImage);

	// 【2.2】绘制矩形
	rectangle(rookImage,
		Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
		Scalar(0, 255, 255),
		-1,
		8);

	// 【2.3】绘制一些线段
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));

	// ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像------------------------
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

	waitKey(0);
	return(0);
}