PyTorch 实现运动鞋识别

>- **🍨 本文为[🔗365天深度学习训练营](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0dvHCaOoFnW8SCp3JpzKxg) 中的学习记录博客**
>- **🍖 原作者:[K同学啊](https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/)**

一:前期准备

1.设置GPU

如果设备上支持GPU就使用GPU,否则使用CPU

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets

import os,PIL,pathlib

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

device

2.导入数据

data_dir = '/content/drive/MyDrive/46-data'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)

data_paths  = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("/")[-1] for path in data_paths]
#windows用这行classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames

  • 第一步:使用pathlib.Path()函数将字符串类型的文件夹路径转换为pathlib.Path对象。
  • 第二步:使用glob()方法获取data_dir路径下的所有文件路径,并以列表形式存储在data_paths中。 
  • 第三步:通过split()函数对data_paths中的每个文件路径执行分割操作,获得各个文件所属的类别名称,并存储在classeNames
  • 第四步:打印classeNames列表,显示每个文件所属的类别名称。 
# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    # transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

test_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder("/content/drive/MyDrive/46-data/train/",transform=train_transforms)
test_dataset  = datasets.ImageFolder("/content/drive/MyDrive/46-data/test/",transform=train_transforms)
train_dataset.class_to_idx
batch_size = 32

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True,
                                           num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                          batch_size=batch_size,
                                          shuffle=True,
                                          num_workers=1)
for X, y in test_dl:
    print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
    print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
    break

二:构建简单的CNN网络

网络结构图:

import torch.nn.functional as F

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv1=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 12*220*220
            nn.BatchNorm2d(12),
            nn.ReLU())
        
        self.conv2=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 12*216*216
            nn.BatchNorm2d(12),
            nn.ReLU())
        
        self.pool3=nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(2))                              # 12*108*108
        
        self.conv4=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 24*104*104
            nn.BatchNorm2d(24),
            nn.ReLU())
        
        self.conv5=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=5, padding=0), # 24*100*100
            nn.BatchNorm2d(24),
            nn.ReLU())
        
        self.pool6=nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(2))                              # 24*50*50

        self.dropout = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Dropout(0.2))
        
        self.fc=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames)))
        
    def forward(self, x):
        
        batch_size = x.size(0)
        x = self.conv1(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
        x = self.conv2(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
        x = self.pool3(x)  # 池化
        x = self.conv4(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
        x = self.conv5(x)  # 卷积-BN-激活
        x = self.pool6(x)  # 池化
        x = self.dropout(x)
        x = x.view(batch_size, -1)  # flatten 变成全连接网络需要的输入 (batch, 24*50*50) ==> (batch, -1), -1 此处自动算出的是24*50*50
        x = self.fc(x)
       
        return x

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))

model = Model().to(device)
model

三:训练模型

1.编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

2.编写测试函数

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

3.设置动态学习率

def adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, start_lr):
    # 每 2 个epoch衰减到原来的 0.92
    lr = start_lr * (0.92 ** (epoch // 2))
    for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
        param_group['lr'] = lr

learn_rate = 1e-4 # 初始学习率
optimizer  = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)

或者调用动态学习率接口

# # 调用官方动态学习率接口时使用
# lambda1 = lambda epoch: (0.92 ** (epoch // 2))
# optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)
# scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lambda1) #选定调整方法

4.正式训练

loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
epochs     = 40

train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

for epoch in range(epochs):
    # 更新学习率(使用自定义学习率时使用)
    adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, learn_rate)
    
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
    # scheduler.step() # 更新学习率(调用官方动态学习率接口时使用)
    
    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
    
    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
    
    # 获取当前的学习率
    lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, 
                          epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
print('Done')

四:结果可视化

1.Loss和Accuracy图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

2.指定图片进行预测

from PIL import Image 

classes = list(train_dataset.class_to_idx)

def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes):
    
    test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
    # plt.imshow(test_img)  # 展示预测的图片

    test_img = transform(test_img)
    img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0)
    
    model.eval()
    output = model(img)

    _,pred = torch.max(output,1)
    pred_class = classes[pred]
    print(f'预测结果是:{pred_class}')
# 预测训练集中的某张照片
predict_one_image(image_path='/content/drive/MyDrive/46-data/test/adidas/1.jpg', 
                  model=model, 
                  transform=train_transforms, 
                  classes=classes)

五:保存并加载模型

# 模型保存
PATH = './model.pth'  # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)

# 将参数加载到model当中
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location=device))

六:动态学习率

1.StepLR

等间隔动态调整方法,每经过step_size个epoch,做一次学习率decay,以gamma值为缩小倍数。

函数原型:

torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size, gamma=0.1, last_epoch=-1)

  • optimizer(Optimizer):是之前定义好的需要优化的优化器的实例名
  • step_size(int):是学习率衰减的周期,每经过每个epoch,做一次学习率decay
  • gamma(float):学习率衰减的乘法因子。Default:0.1

用法示例:

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001 )
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.1)

2.LambdaLR

根据自己定义的函数更新学习率。

函数原型:

torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda, last_epoch=-1, verbose=False)

  • optimizer(Optimizer):是之前定义好的需要优化的优化器的实例名
  • lr_lambda(function):更新学习率的函数
lambda1 = lambda epoch: (0.92 ** (epoch // 2) # 第二组参数的调整方法
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lambda1) #选定调整方法

3.MultiStepLR

在特定的 epoch 中调整学习率

函数原型:

torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer, milestones, gamma=0.1, last_epoch=-1, verbose=False)

  • optimizer(Optimizer):是之前定义好的需要优化的优化器的实例名
  • milestones(list):是一个关于epoch数值的list,表示在达到哪个epoch范围内开始变化,必须是升序排列
  • gamma(float):学习率衰减的乘法因子。Default:0.1
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001 )
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer, 
                                                 milestones=[2,6,15], #调整学习率的epoch数
                                                 gamma=0.1)

七:总结

学习了调用动态学习率来调整模型的拟合,其中包括直接调用和自定义学习率。

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