Maven高级（2021.01.26）

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已于 2022-05-30 15:34:34 修改

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分类专栏：知识储备文章标签： maven 项目管理

于 2021-01-26 22:22:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44531966/article/details/113198766

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1.maven基础知识回顾

1.1 maven介绍

maven 是一个项目管理工具，主要作用是在项目开发阶段对Java项目进行依赖管理和项目构建。

依赖管理：就是对jar包的管理。通过导入maven坐标，就相当于将仓库中的jar包导入了当前项目中。

项目构建：通过maven的一个命令就可以完成项目从清理、编译、测试、报告、打包，部署整个过程。

1.2 maven的仓库类型

1.本地仓库

2.远程仓库

①maven中央仓库（地址：http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/）

②maven私服（公司局域网内的仓库，需要自己搭建）

③其他公共远程仓库（例如apache提供的远程仓库，地址：http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/）

1.3 maven常用命令

clean：清理

compile：编译

test：测试

package：打包

install：安装

1.4 maven坐标书写规范

在这里插入图片描述

1.5 maven的依赖范围

依赖范围	对于编译classpath有效	对于测试classpath有效	对于运行时classpath有效	例子
compile	Y	Y	Y	spring-core
test	-	Y	-	Junit
provided	Y	Y	-	servlet-api
runtime	-	Y	Y	JDBC驱动
system	Y	Y	-	本地的，maven仓库之外的类库

2. maven的依赖传递

2.1 什么是依赖传递

在maven中，依赖是可以传递的，假设存在三个项目，分别是项目A，项目B以及项目C。假设C依赖B，B依赖A，那么我们可以根据maven项目依赖的特征不难推出项目C也依赖A。

在这里插入图片描述

通过上面的图可以看到，我们的web项目直接依赖了spring-webmvc，而spring-webmvc依赖了sping-aop、spring-beans等。最终的结果就是在我们的web项目中间接依赖了spring-aop、spring-beans等。

2.2 什么是依赖冲突

由于依赖传递现象的存在， spring-webmvc 依赖 spirng-beans-4.2.4，spring-aop 依赖 spring-beans-5.0.2，但是发现 spirng-beans-4.2.4 加入到了工程中，而我们希望 spring-beans-5.0.2 加入工程。这就造成了依赖冲突。

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 如何解决依赖冲突

1.使用maven提供的依赖调解原则

第一声明者优先原则

路径近者优先原则

2.排除依赖

3.锁定版本

2.4 依赖调节原则——第一声明者优先原则

在 pom 文件中定义依赖，以先声明的依赖为准。其实就是根据坐标导入的顺序来确定最终使用哪个传递过来的依赖。

在这里插入图片描述

结论：通过上图可以看到，spring-aop和spring-webmvc都传递过来了spring-beans，但是因为spring-aop在前面，所以最终使用的spring-beans是由spring-aop传递过来的，而spring-webmvc传递过来的spring-beans则被忽略了。

2.5 排除依赖

可以使用exclusions标签将传递过来的依赖排除出去。
在这里插入图片描述

2.6 版本锁定

采用直接锁定版本的方法确定依赖jar包的版本，版本锁定后则不考虑依赖的声明顺序或依赖的路径，以锁定的版本为准添加到工程中，此方法在企业开发中经常使用。

版本锁定的使用方式：

第一步：在dependencyManagement标签中锁定依赖的版本

第二步：在dependencies标签中声明需要导入的maven坐标

①在dependencyManagement标签中锁定依赖的版本

在这里插入图片描述

②在dependencies标签中声明需要导入的maven坐标

在这里插入图片描述

3.基于maven构建SSM工程案例

3.1 需求描述

本案例基于maven构建 SSM（Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis）工程，通过maven坐标进行依赖管理。最终实现根据 id 查询商品信息的功能。

3.2 构建maven工程

1.数据库环境搭建

①创建数据库ssmtest
在这里插入图片描述

②创建商品表item

CREATE TABLE `item` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `price` float default NULL,
  `createtime` datetime default NULL,
  `detail` varchar(255) default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

2.maven项目构建
在这里插入图片描述

①创建maven web项目

②配置pom.xml文件

③实现spring+mybatis整合

创建POJO类

public class Item {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float price;
private Date createtime;
private String detail;
//省略setter、getter
}

持久层DAO接口编写

public interface ItemMapper {
       public Item findById(int id);
}

Mapper映射文件编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.ssm.dao.ItemMapper">
<select id="findById" parameterType="int" resultType="item">
         select * from item where id=#{id}</select>
</mapper>

业务层Service编写

package com.itheima.ssm.service;
import com.itheima.ssm.pojo.Item;
public interface ItemService {
    public Items findById(int id);
}

@Service
@Transactional
public class ItemServiceImpl implements ItemService {
@Autowired
private ItemMapper itemMapper;
public Item findById(int id) {
return itemMapper.findById(id);
}
}

spring配置文件applicationContext-dao.xml编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/bean       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd      http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<!-- 驱动 -->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!-- url -->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmtest"/>
<!-- 用户名 -->
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<!-- 密码 -->
<property name="password" value="root"/></bean>
<!-- mapper配置 --> <!-- 让spring管理sqlsessionfactory 使用mybatis和spring整合包中的 -->    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">        <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--为指定包下的所有实体类创建别名-->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.itheima.ssm.pojo"/></bean>
<!-- mapper扫描器 ：用来产生代理对象-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.itheima.ssm.dao"></property>  
</bean>
</beans>

spring配置文件applicationContext-service.xml编写

④加入springmvc相关配置

表现层Controller编写

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/item")
public class ItemController {
   @Autowired
   private ItemService itemService;
  @RequestMapping("/showItem/{id}")
  public String showItem(@PathVariable("id") int id, Model model){
        Item item = itemService.findById(id);
        model.addAttribute("item",item);
        return "item";   
  }
}

springmvc.xml文件编写

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.ssm.controller"/>
<!--  配置视图解析器的前缀和后缀 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">           <property name="prefix“ value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

jsp页面编写

配置web.xml文件

在这里插入图片描述

4.分模块构建maven工程

4.1 分模块构建maven工程分析

在现实生活中，汽车厂家进行汽车生产时，由于整个生产过程非常复杂和繁琐，工作量非常大，所以车场都会将整个汽车的部件分开生产，最终再将生产好的部件进行组装，形成一台完整的汽车。

在这里插入图片描述

4.2 maven工程的继承

在这里插入图片描述

4.3 maven工程的聚合

在maven工程的pom.xml文件中可以使用标签将其他maven工程聚合到一起，聚合的目的是为了进行统一操作。

例如拆分后的maven工程有多个，如果要进行打包，就需要针对每个工程分别执行打包命令，操作起来非常繁琐。这时就可以使用标签将这些工程统一聚合到maven工程中，需要打包的时候，只需要在此工程中执行一次打包命令，其下被聚合的工程就都会被打包了。

在这里插入图片描述

4.4 分模块构建maven工程具体实现

①父工程maven_parent构建

 <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <springmvc.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</springmvc.version>
        <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
    </properties>
    <!--锁定jar版本-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Mybatis -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- springMVC -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${springmvc.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- spring -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

②子工程maven_pojo构建

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

③3.1子工程maven_dao构建

3.2 配置maven_dao工程的pom.xml文件

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven_pojo</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mybatis和mybatis与spring的整合 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MySql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.32</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- druid数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- junit测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3.3 创建DAO接口和Mapper映射文件

package com.itheima.ssm.dao;

import com.itheima.ssm.pojo.Item;

public interface ItemMapper {
    public Item findById(int id);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.ssm.dao.ItemMapper">
    <select id="findById" parameterType="int" resultType="Item">
        select * from item where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

3.4 在resources目录下创建spring配置文件applicationContext-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--配置数据源信息，使用druid连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmtest"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置spring整合mybatis框架的SQLSessionFactoryBean-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--扫描pojo包，为实体类创建别名-->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.itheima.ssm.pojo"/>
    </bean>

    <!--mapper扫描器，用于产生代理对象-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.itheima.ssm.dao"/>
    </bean>
</bean

④子工程maven_service构建

第一步：创建maven_service工程

第二步：配置maven_service工程的pom.xml文件

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven_dao</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

第三步：创建Service接口和实现类

package com.itheima.ssm.service;

import com.itheima.ssm.pojo.Item;

public interface ItemService {
    public Item findById(int id);
}

package com.itheima.ssm.service;

import com.itheima.ssm.dao.ItemMapper;
import com.itheima.ssm.pojo.Item;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
@Transactional
public class ItemServiceImpl implements ItemService {
    @Autowired
    private ItemMapper itemMapper;

    public Item findById(int id) {
        return itemMapper.findById(id);
    }
}

第四步：创建spring配置文件applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--配置扫描器，扫描Service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.ssm.service"/>

    <!--事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--事物注解驱动-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

⑤子工程maven_web构建

第一步：创建maven_web工程，注意打包方式为war

第二步：配置maven_web工程的pom.xml文件

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven_service</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <finalName>maven_web</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.1</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.8.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

第三步：创建Controller

package com.itheima.ssm.controller;

import com.itheima.ssm.pojo.Item;
import com.itheima.ssm.service.ItemService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/item")
public class ItemController {
    @Autowired
    private ItemService itemService;

    @RequestMapping("/showItem/{id}")
    public String findById(@PathVariable("id") int id, Model model){
        Item item = itemService.findById(id);
        model.addAttribute("item",item);
        return "item";
    }
}

第四步：创建jsp页面

第五步：配置web.xml

 <!--指定Spring配置文件位置-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!--配置Spring框架启动时使用的监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!--配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

第六步：创建springmvc配置文件springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--配置扫描器，扫描Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.ssm.controller"/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

项目整体结构如下：

1）maven_parent为父工程，其余工程为子工程，都继承父工程maven_parent

2）maven_parent工程将其子工程都进行了聚合

3）子工程之间存在依赖关系，比如maven_dao依赖， maven_pojo、maven_service依赖maven_dao、 maven_web依赖maven_service

在这里插入图片描述

5. maven私服

5.1 私服说明

maven仓库分为本地仓库和远程仓库，而远程仓库又分为maven中央仓库、其他远程仓库和私服（私有服务器）。其中，中央仓库是由maven官方提供的，而私服就需要我们自己搭建了。

maven私服就是公司局域网内的maven远程仓库，每个员工的电脑上安装maven软件并且连接maven私服，程序员可以将自己开发的项目打成jar并发布到私服，其它项目组成员就可以从私服下载所依赖的jar。私服还充当一个代理服务器的角色，当私服上没有jar包时会从maven中央仓库自动下载。

nexus 是一个maven仓库管理器（其实就是一个软件），nexus可以充当maven私服，同时nexus还提供强大的仓库管理、构件搜索等功能。

5.2 搭建maven私服

①下载nexus

https://help.sonatype.com/repomanager2/download/download-archives—repository-manager-oss

②安装nexus

将下载的压缩包进行解压，进入bin目录

在这里插入图片描述

打开cmd窗口并进入上面bin目录下，执行nexus.bat install命令安装服务（注意需要以管理员身份运行cmd命令）
在这里插入图片描述

③启动nexus

经过前面命令已经完成nexus的安装，可以通过如下两种方式启动nexus服务：

在Windows系统服务中启动nexus

在这里插入图片描述

在命令行执行nexus.bat start命令启动nexus

在这里插入图片描述

④访问nexus

启动nexus服务后，访问http://localhost:8081/nexus

点击右上角LogIn按钮，进行登录。使用默认用户名admin和密码admin123登录系统

登录成功后点击左侧菜单Repositories可以看到nexus内置的仓库列表（如下图）

在这里插入图片描述

nexus仓库类型

通过前面的仓库列表可以看到，nexus默认内置了很多仓库，这些仓库可以划分为4种类型，每种类型的仓库用于存放特定的jar包，具体说明如下：

①hosted，宿主仓库，部署自己的jar到这个类型的仓库，包括Releases和Snapshots两部分，Releases为公司内部发布版本仓库、 Snapshots为公司内部测试版本仓库

②proxy，代理仓库，用于代理远程的公共仓库，如maven中央仓库，用户连接私服，私服自动去中央仓库下载jar包或者插件

③group，仓库组，用来合并多个hosted/proxy仓库，通常我们配置自己的maven连接仓库组

④virtual(虚拟)：兼容Maven1版本的jar或者插件

在这里插入图片描述

nexus仓库类型与安装目录对应关系

在这里插入图片描述

5.3 将项目发布到maven私服

maven私服是搭建在公司局域网内的maven仓库，公司内的所有开发团队都可以使用。例如技术研发团队开发了一个基础组件，就可以将这个基础组件打成jar包发布到私服，其他团队成员就可以从私服下载这个jar包到本地仓库并在项目中使用。

将项目发布到maven私服操作步骤如下：

配置maven的settings.xml文件

<server>
<id>releases</id>
<username>admin</username>   
<password>admin123</password>
</server>
<server>
<id>snapshots</id>
<username>admin</username>
<password>admin123</password>
</server>

注意：一定要在idea工具中引入的maven的settings.xml文件中配置

配置项目的pom.xml文件

<distributionManagement>
<repository>
   <id>releases</id>
   <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>
</repository>
<snapshotRepository>
   <id>snapshots</id>               <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>    </snapshotRepository>
</distributionManagement>

执行mvn deploy命令

在这里插入图片描述

5.4 从私服下载jar到本地仓库

前面我们已经完成了将本地项目打成jar包发布到maven私服，下面我们就需要从maven私服下载jar包到本地仓库。

具体操作步骤如下：

在maven的settings.xml文件中配置下载模板

<profile>
	<id>dev</id>
		<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>nexus</id>
		<!--仓库地址，即nexus仓库组的地址-->
			<url>
			http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
		<!--是否下载releases构件-->
			<releases>
			<enabled>true</enabled>
			</releases>
		<!--是否下载snapshots构件-->
			<snapshots>
				<enabled>true</enabled>
			</snapshots>
		</repository>
		</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
	<!-- 插件仓库，maven的运行依赖插件，也需要从私服下载插件 -->
	<pluginRepository>
		<id>public</id>
		<name>Public Repositories</name>
		<url>
		http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
		</pluginRepository>
		</pluginRepositories>
</profile>

在maven的settings.xml文件中配置激活下载模板

<activeProfiles>
	<activeProfile>dev</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>

6. 将第三方jar安装到本地仓库和maven私服

在maven工程的pom.xml文件中配置某个jar包的坐标后，如果本地的maven仓库不存在这个jar包，maven工具会自动到配置的maven私服下载，如果私服中也不存在，maven私服就会从maven中央仓库进行下载。

但是并不是所有的jar包都可以从中央仓库下载到，比如常用的Oracle数据库驱动的jar包在中央仓库就不存在。此时需要到Oracle的官网下载驱动jar包，然后将此jar包通过maven命令安装到我们本地的maven仓库或者maven私服中，这样在maven项目中就可以使用maven坐标引用到此jar包了。

6.1 将第三方jar安装到本地仓库

①下载Oracle的jar包（略）

②mvn install命令进行安装

      mvn install:install-file -Dfile=ojdbc14-10.2.0.4.0.jar -DgroupId=com.oracle -DartifactId=ojdbc14 – 

      Dversion=10.2.0.4.0 -Dpackaging=jar

③查看本地maven仓库，确认安装是否成功

在这里插入图片描述

6.2 将第三方jar安装到maven私服

①下载Oracle的jar包（略）

②在maven的settings.xml配置文件中配置第三方仓库的server信息

<server>
  <id>thirdparty</id>
  <username>admin</username>
  <password>admin123</password>
</server>

③执行mvn deploy命令进行安装

    mvn deploy:deploy-file -Dfile=ojdbc14-10.2.0.4.0.jar -DgroupId=com.oracle -DartifactId=ojdbc14 –

      Dversion=10.2.0.4.0 -Dpackaging=jar –

      Durl=http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/ -DrepositoryId=thirdparty

7、Maven的配置文件conf/settings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in
 |                 ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
   <localRepository>G:\Develop\maven_repository</localRepository>
  -->
   <localRepository>G:\Develop\Maven\apache-maven-3.6.3-bin\repository</localRepository>

  

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->

    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
<mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
	-->
  <!-- 阿里云仓库 -->
    <mirror>
      <id>alimaven</id>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      <name>aliyun maven</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
    </mirror>
	<!-- 阿里云仓库 -->
	<mirror>
		<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
		<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
		<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
		<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
	</mirror> 

	<!-- 中央仓库1 -->
	<mirror>
		<id>repo1</id>
		<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
		<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
		<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
	</mirror>

	<!-- 中央仓库2 -->
	<mirror>
		<id>repo2</id>
		<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
		<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
		<url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
	</mirror>

 </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
  <profile>
            <id>jdk-1.8</id>
            <activation>
                <jdk>1.8</jdk>
            </activation>
			<properties>    
			   <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>    
			   <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
			   <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
			</properties>
            <repositories>
                <repository>
                    <id>nexus</id>
                    <name>local private nexus</name>
                    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
                    <releases>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                    </releases>
                    <snapshots>
                        <enabled>false</enabled>
                    </snapshots>
                </repository>
            </repositories>
            <pluginRepositories>
                <pluginRepository>
                    <id>nexus</id>
                    <name>local private nexus</name>
                    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
                    <releases>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                    </releases>
                    <snapshots>
                        <enabled>false</enabled>
                    </snapshots>
                </pluginRepository>
            </pluginRepositories>
        </profile>

    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
 
</settings>