高光谱图像分类

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 12:37:58 发布

长歌行九万里

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 12:37:58 发布

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文章标签： python 深度学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44605535/article/details/112143652

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文章目录

1. 首先取得数据，并引入基本函数库

! wget http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/uploads/6/67/Indian_pines_corrected.mat
! wget http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/uploads/c/c4/Indian_pines_gt.mat
! pip install spectral

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.io as sio
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, accuracy_score, classification_report, cohen_kappa_score
import spectral
import torch
import torchvision
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim

2. 定义 HybridSN 类

模型的网络结构为如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

class_num = 16
class HybridSN(nn.Module):
  def __init__(self):
    super(HybridSN, self).__init__()
    self.conv1 = nn.Conv3d(1, 8, kernel_size=(7,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv2 = nn.Conv3d(8, 16, kernel_size=(5,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv3 = nn.Conv3d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(576, 64, kernel_size=(3,3), stride=1, padding=0)

    self.softmax=nn.Softmax(dim=1)

    #self.bn1=nn.BatchNorm3d(8)
    #self.bn2=nn.BatchNorm3d(16)
    #self.bn3=nn.BatchNorm3d(32)
    #self.bn4=nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
    self.fc1=nn.Linear(18496,256)
    self.fc2=nn.Linear(256,128)
    self.fc3=nn.Linear(128,16)
    self.dropout=nn.Dropout(0,4)

  def forward(self, x):
    x = self.conv1(x)
    #x = self.bn1(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.conv2(x)
    #x = self.bn2(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.conv3(x)
    #x = self.bn3(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x.reshape(x.shape[0],-1,19,19)
    x = self.conv4(x)
    #x = self.bn4(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x.flatten(start_dim = 1)
    x = self.fc1(x)
    x = self.dropout(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.fc2(x)
    x = self.dropout(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.fc3(x)
    return x

# 随机输入，测试网络结构是否通
x = torch.randn(1, 1, 30, 25, 25)
net = HybridSN()
y = net(x)
print(y.shape)

3. 创建数据集

首先对高光谱数据实施PCA降维；然后创建 keras 方便处理的数据格式；然后随机抽取 10% 数据做为训练集，剩余的做为测试集。

首先定义基本函数：

# 对高光谱数据 X 应用 PCA 变换
def applyPCA(X, numComponents):
    newX = np.reshape(X, (-1, X.shape[2]))
    pca = PCA(n_components=numComponents, whiten=True)
    newX = pca.fit_transform(newX)
    newX = np.reshape(newX, (X.shape[0], X.shape[1], numComponents))
    return newX

# 对单个像素周围提取 patch 时，边缘像素就无法取了，因此，给这部分像素进行 padding 操作
def padWithZeros(X, margin=2):
    newX = np.zeros((X.shape[0] + 2 * margin, X.shape[1] + 2* margin, X.shape[2]))
    x_offset = margin
    y_offset = margin
    newX[x_offset:X.shape[0] + x_offset, y_offset:X.shape[1] + y_offset, :] = X
    return newX

# 在每个像素周围提取 patch ，然后创建成符合 keras 处理的格式
def createImageCubes(X, y, windowSize=5, removeZeroLabels = True):
    # 给 X 做 padding
    margin = int((windowSize - 1) / 2)
    zeroPaddedX = padWithZeros(X, margin=margin)
    # split patches
    patchesData = np.zeros((X.shape[0] * X.shape[1], windowSize, windowSize, X.shape[2]))
    patchesLabels = np.zeros((X.shape[0] * X.shape[1]))
    patchIndex = 0
    for r in range(margin, zeroPaddedX.shape[0] - margin):
        for c in range(margin, zeroPaddedX.shape[1] - margin):
            patch = zeroPaddedX[r - margin:r + margin + 1, c - margin:c + margin + 1]   
            patchesData[patchIndex, :, :, :] = patch
            patchesLabels[patchIndex] = y[r-margin, c-margin]
            patchIndex = patchIndex + 1
    if removeZeroLabels:
        patchesData = patchesData[patchesLabels>0,:,:,:]
        patchesLabels = patchesLabels[patchesLabels>0]
        patchesLabels -= 1
    return patchesData, patchesLabels

def splitTrainTestSet(X, y, testRatio, randomState=345):
    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=testRatio, random_state=randomState, stratify=y)
    return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test

下面读取并创建数据集：

# 地物类别
class_num = 16
X = sio.loadmat('Indian_pines_corrected.mat')['indian_pines_corrected']
y = sio.loadmat('Indian_pines_gt.mat')['indian_pines_gt']

# 用于测试样本的比例
test_ratio = 0.90
# 每个像素周围提取 patch 的尺寸
patch_size = 25
# 使用 PCA 降维，得到主成分的数量
pca_components = 30

print('Hyperspectral data shape: ', X.shape)
print('Label shape: ', y.shape)

print('\n... ... PCA tranformation ... ...')
X_pca = applyPCA(X, numComponents=pca_components)
print('Data shape after PCA: ', X_pca.shape)

print('\n... ... create data cubes ... ...')
X_pca, y = createImageCubes(X_pca, y, windowSize=patch_size)
print('Data cube X shape: ', X_pca.shape)
print('Data cube y shape: ', y.shape)

print('\n... ... create train & test data ... ...')
Xtrain, Xtest, ytrain, ytest = splitTrainTestSet(X_pca, y, test_ratio)
print('Xtrain shape: ', Xtrain.shape)
print('Xtest  shape: ', Xtest.shape)

# 改变 Xtrain, Ytrain 的形状，以符合 keras 的要求
Xtrain = Xtrain.reshape(-1, patch_size, patch_size, pca_components, 1)
Xtest  = Xtest.reshape(-1, patch_size, patch_size, pca_components, 1)
print('before transpose: Xtrain shape: ', Xtrain.shape) 
print('before transpose: Xtest  shape: ', Xtest.shape) 

# 为了适应 pytorch 结构，数据要做 transpose
Xtrain = Xtrain.transpose(0, 4, 3, 1, 2)
Xtest  = Xtest.transpose(0, 4, 3, 1, 2)
print('after transpose: Xtrain shape: ', Xtrain.shape) 
print('after transpose: Xtest  shape: ', Xtest.shape) 


""" Training dataset"""
class TrainDS(torch.utils.data.Dataset): 
    def __init__(self):
        self.len = Xtrain.shape[0]
        self.x_data = torch.FloatTensor(Xtrain)
        self.y_data = torch.LongTensor(ytrain)        
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        # 根据索引返回数据和对应的标签
        return self.x_data[index], self.y_data[index]
    def __len__(self): 
        # 返回文件数据的数目
        return self.len

""" Testing dataset"""
class TestDS(torch.utils.data.Dataset): 
    def __init__(self):
        self.len = Xtest.shape[0]
        self.x_data = torch.FloatTensor(Xtest)
        self.y_data = torch.LongTensor(ytest)
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        # 根据索引返回数据和对应的标签
        return self.x_data[index], self.y_data[index]
    def __len__(self): 
        # 返回文件数据的数目
        return self.len

# 创建 trainloader 和 testloader
trainset = TrainDS()
testset  = TestDS()
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=trainset, batch_size=128, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
test_loader  = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=testset,  batch_size=128, shuffle=False, num_workers=2)

4. 开始训练

# 使用GPU训练，可以在菜单 "代码执行工具" -> "更改运行时类型" 里进行设置
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

# 网络放到GPU上
net = HybridSN().to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# 开始训练
total_loss = 0
for epoch in range(100):
    for i, (inputs, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
        inputs = inputs.to(device)
        labels = labels.to(device)
        # 优化器梯度归零
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        # 正向传播 +　反向传播 + 优化 
        outputs = net(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        total_loss += loss.item()
    print('[Epoch: %d]   [loss avg: %.4f]   [current loss: %.4f]' %(epoch + 1, total_loss/(epoch+1), loss.item()))

print('Finished Training')

5. 模型测试

count = 0
# 模型测试
for inputs, _ in test_loader:
    inputs = inputs.to(device)
    outputs = net(inputs)
    outputs = np.argmax(outputs.detach().cpu().numpy(), axis=1)
    if count == 0:
        y_pred_test =  outputs
        count = 1
    else:
        y_pred_test = np.concatenate( (y_pred_test, outputs) )

# 生成分类报告
classification = classification_report(ytest, y_pred_test, digits=4)
print(classification)

测试结果如图：
在这里插入图片描述准确率为98.11%。
准确率为98.04%

6. 显示分类结果

# load the original image
X = sio.loadmat('Indian_pines_corrected.mat')['indian_pines_corrected']
y = sio.loadmat('Indian_pines_gt.mat')['indian_pines_gt']

height = y.shape[0]
width = y.shape[1]

X = applyPCA(X, numComponents= pca_components)
X = padWithZeros(X, patch_size//2)

# 逐像素预测类别
outputs = np.zeros((height,width))
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        if int(y[i,j]) == 0:
            continue
        else :
            image_patch = X[i:i+patch_size, j:j+patch_size, :]
            image_patch = image_patch.reshape(1,image_patch.shape[0],image_patch.shape[1], image_patch.shape[2], 1)
            X_test_image = torch.FloatTensor(image_patch.transpose(0, 4, 3, 1, 2)).to(device)                                   
            prediction = net(X_test_image)
            prediction = np.argmax(prediction.detach().cpu().numpy(), axis=1)
            outputs[i][j] = prediction+1
    if i % 20 == 0:
        print('... ... row ', i, ' handling ... ...')

在这里插入图片描述

7. 自注意力机制

class_num = 16
class HybridSN(nn.Module):
  def __init__(self):
    super(HybridSN, self).__init__()
    self.conv1 = nn.Conv3d(1, 8, kernel_size=(7,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv2 = nn.Conv3d(8, 16, kernel_size=(5,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv3 = nn.Conv3d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3,3,3), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(576, 64, kernel_size=(3,3), stride=1, padding=0)

    self.conv_atetetion=nn.Conv2d(576, 576, kernel_size=(1,1), stride=1, padding=0)
    self.softmax=nn.Softmax(dim=1)

    #self.bn1=nn.BatchNorm3d(8)
    #self.bn2=nn.BatchNorm3d(16)
    #self.bn3=nn.BatchNorm3d(32)
    #self.bn4=nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
    self.fc1=nn.Linear(18496,256)
    self.fc2=nn.Linear(256,128)
    self.fc3=nn.Linear(128,16)
    self.dropout=nn.Dropout(0,4)

  def attention(self, x):
    b, c, h, w = x.size()
    x_phi = self.conv_atetetion(x).view(b, c, -1)
    x_theta = self.conv_atetetion(x).view(b, c, -1).permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()
    x_g = self.conv_atetetion(x).view(b, c, -1).permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()
    mul_theta_phi = torch.matmul(x_theta, x_phi)
    mul_theta_phi = self.softmax(mul_theta_phi)
    mul_theta_phi_g = torch.matmul(mul_theta_phi, x_g)
    mul_theta_phi_g = mul_theta_phi_g.permute(0,2,1).contiguous().view(b, c, h, w)
    mask = self.conv_atetetion(mul_theta_phi_g)
    out = mask + x
    return out

  def forward(self, x):
    x = self.conv1(x)
    #x = self.bn1(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.conv2(x)
    #x = self.bn2(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.conv3(x)
    #x = self.bn3(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x.reshape(x.shape[0],-1,19,19)
    x = self.attention(x)
    x = self.conv4(x)
    #x = self.bn4(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x.flatten(start_dim = 1)
    x = self.fc1(x)
    x = self.dropout(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.fc2(x)
    x = self.dropout(x)
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = self.fc3(x)
    return x

# 随机输入，测试网络结构是否通
x = torch.randn(1, 1, 30, 25, 25)
net = HybridSN()
y = net(x)
print(y.shape)

8. 加入自注意力机制后的结果

在这里插入图片描述相较于未加入时，准确率有些微降低，但更为稳定。
显示分类结果：

长歌行九万里

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高光谱图像分类

##1、首先取得数据，并引入基本函数库。! wget http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/uploads/6/67/Indian_pines_corrected.mat! wget http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/uploads/c/c4/Indian_pines_gt.mat! pip install spectralimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport scipy.io a
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