目录
for 循环
1. 遍历整个列表
words = ['a', 'b', 'c']
for i in words: #for循环内部语句需要缩进,for语句末尾的冒号表示下一行是循环的第一行
print(i)
print(i.title() + ", that was a great trick!\n")
print("Thank you!") #此print属于for循环外
if 语句
1. 在Python中检查是否相等时区分大小写
例如,两个大小写不同的值会被视为不相等。
2. 要判断两个值是否不等,使用 !=
3. 条件语句中可包含各种数学比较
如小于、小于等于、大于、大于等于
4. 检查多个条件(使用and和or)
age_0 >= 21 and age_1 >= 21
age_0 >= 21 or age_1 >= 21
5. 检查特定值是否包含在列表中(使用关键字in)
words = ['a','b','c','d']
'c' in words #返回True
'x' in words #返回False
6. 检查特定值是否不包含在列表中(使用关键字not in)
words = ['a','b','c','d']
user = 'y'
if user not in words:
print(user + ", error!")
if-else 语句
age = 17
if age >= 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
else:
print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")
7. if-elif-else 结构(需要考虑的情形超过两个)
例如一个根据年龄段收费的游乐场:4岁以下免费,4~18岁收费5美元,18岁(含)以上收费10美元。
age = 12
if age < 4:
print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age < 18:
print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
print("Your admission cost is $10.")
#让代码更简洁
age = 12
if age < 4:
price = 0 #设置门票价格
elif age < 18:
price = 5
else:
price = 10
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".") #添加一条简单的print 语句
8. 使用多个 elif 代码块
假设对于65岁(含)以上的老 人,可以半价(即5美元)购买门票
age = 68
if age < 4:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 5
elif age < 65:
price = 10
else:
price = 5
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")
9. 使用 if 语句处理列表
foods = ['bread', 'milk', 'cheese','coffee']
foods_avaliable = ['bread', 'milk', 'cheese']
if foods: #确定列表不是空的
for food in foods:
if food in foods_avaliable: #检查元素是否有效
if food == 'milk': #检查特殊元素
print("Sorry, we are out of milk right now.")
else:
print("Adding " + food + ".")
else:
print("Sorry, we don't have " + food + ".") #元素无效
print("Thank you!")
else:
print('ERROR') #列表是空的