SpringCloud-Eureka微服务注册与发现

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-04 13:08:43 发布

江寸山

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-04 13:08:43 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： SpringCloud-Eureka微服务注册与实现 Eureka

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44664277/article/details/102691239

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微服务注册与发现

原理事意图:
在这里插入图片描述
由上图可以看出：
1、服务提供者将服务注册到注册中心
2、服务消费者通过注册中心查找服务
3、查找到服务后进行调用（这里就是无需硬编码url的解决方案）
4、服务的消费者与服务注册中心保持心跳连接，一旦服务提供者的地址发生变更时，注册中心会通知服务消费者

注册中心:Eureka

Spring Cloud提供了多种注册中心的支持，如：Eureka、consul、ZooKeeper等。Eureka已经闭源了。本教程第二篇也会介绍使用其它两种方式作为注册中心。
在这里插入图片描述
Eureka包含两个组件：Eureka Server和Eureka Client。

Eureka Server提供服务注册服务，各个节点启动后，会在Eureka
Server中进行注册，这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息，服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端，用于简化与Eureka
Server的交互，客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。

-在应用启动后，将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒，如果Eureka
Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳，Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。

Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步，Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制，即使所有的Eureka
Server都挂掉，客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上，Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制，确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。

一.编写Eureka Server

1.1创建maven工程

在这里插入图片描述

1.2导入pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mr</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo_eureka</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>demo_eureka</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>


    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 导入Spring Cloud的依赖管理 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot 整合eureka服务端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

1.3编写启动类

package com.mr;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

/**
 * Eureka注册中心
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer //申明这是一个Eureka服务
public class AppEureka {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppEureka.class, args);
    }
}

1.4编写配置文件

###服务端口号
server:
  port: 8100

###服务名称
spring:
  application:
    name: app-eureka-center

eureka:
  instance:
    #注册中心地址
    hostname: 127.0.0.1
  ###客户端调用地址
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8100/eureka/
    ###是否将自己注册到Eureka服务中,因为该应用本身就是注册中心，不需要再注册自己（集群的时候为true）
    register-with-eureka: false
    ###是否从Eureka中获取注册信息,因为自己为注册中心,不会在该应用中的检索服务信息
    fetch-registry: false

1.5启动项目测试

在这里插入图片描述

2.0创建商品微服务

2.1引入pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mr</groupId>
    <artifactId>microsevice_item</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>


    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--springboot 整合eureka客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- java编译插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>



</project>

2.2编写启动类

package com.mr;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

/**
 * @author Evan
 */

@SpringBootApplication//申明这是一个Spring Boot项目
@EnableEurekaClient
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.mr.item.controller","com.mr.item.service.impl"})//手动指定bean组件扫描范围
public class ItemApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ItemApp.class, args);
    }
}

2.3编写配置文件

###服务端口号(本身是一个web项目)
server:
  port: 8101
###起个名字作为服务名称(该服务注册到eureka注册中心的名称，比如商品服务)
spring:
  application:
    name: app-item
###服务注册到eureka注册中心的地址
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
     defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
    ###因为该应用为服务提供者，是eureka的一个客户端，需要注册到注册中心
    register-with-eureka: true
    ###是否需要从eureka上检索服务
    fetch-registry: true

2.4Controller

package com.mr.item.controller;


import com.mr.entity.Item;
import com.mr.item.service.IItemService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ItemController {

    @Autowired
    private IItemService itemService;

    /**
     * 对外提供接口服务，查询商品信息
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "item/{id}")
    public Item queryItemById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return this.itemService.queryItemById(id);
    }

}

2.5 Service

package com.mr.item.service.impl;


import com.mr.entity.Item;
import com.mr.item.service.IItemService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by ${方寸山} on 2019/10/22.
 *
 */
@Service
public class ItemService implements IItemService {

    private static final Map<Long, Item> ITEM_MAP = new HashMap<Long, Item>();

    static {// 准备一些静态数据,模拟数据库
        ITEM_MAP.put(1L, new Item(1L, "商品1", "http://图片1", "商品描述1", 1000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(2L, new Item(2L, "商品2", "http://图片2", "商品描述2", 2000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(3L, new Item(3L, "商品3", "http://图片3", "商品描述3", 3000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(4L, new Item(4L, "商品4", "http://图片4", "商品描述4", 4000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(5L, new Item(5L, "商品5", "http://图片5", "商品描述5", 5000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(6L, new Item(6L, "商品6", "http://图片6", "商品描述6", 6000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(7L, new Item(7L, "商品7", "http://图片7", "商品描述7", 7000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(8L, new Item(8L, "商品8", "http://图片8", "商品描述8", 8000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(8L, new Item(9L, "商品9", "http://图片9", "商品描述9", 9000L));
        ITEM_MAP.put(8L, new Item(10L, "商品10", "http://图片10", "商品描述10", 10000L));
    }


    /** 功能描述:模拟实现列表查询
    * @user:Thasif
    * @Date: 2019/10/22 10:49
    * @$params: * @param id
    * @return: com.mr.entity.Item
    */
    @Override
    public Item queryItemById(Long id) {
        return ITEM_MAP.get(id);
    }
}

2.6 entity

package com.mr.entity;
public class Item {

    private Long id;

    private String title;

    private String pic;

    private String desc;

    private Long price;

    public Item(){}

    public Item(long id, String title, String pic, String desc, Long price) {
        this.id=id;
        this.title=title;
        this.pic=pic;
        this.desc=desc;
        this.price=price;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getPic() {
        return pic;
    }

    public void setPic(String pic) {
        this.pic = pic;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public Long getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(Long price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Item [id=" + id + ", title=" + title + ", pic=" + pic + ", desc=" + desc + ", price=" + price + "]";
    }

}

2.7启动测试

在这里插入图片描述

3.0订单系统从Eureka中发现商品服务

3.1 引入pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mr</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice_order</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--springboot 整合eureka客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
            <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
            <version>3.9.0</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- java编译插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>



</project>

3.2 编写启动类

package com.mr;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.http.client.OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author Evan
 */
@SpringBootApplication//申明这是一个Spring Boot项目
@EnableEurekaClient
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.mr.order.controller", "com.mr.order.service.impl","com.mr.properties"})//手动指定bean扫描范围
public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 向Spring容器中定义RestTemplate对象
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory());
    }

}

3.3编写配置文件

server:
  port: 8102 #服务端口
myspcloud:
  item:
    url: http://127.0.0.1:8081/item/
###起个名字作为服务名称(该服务注册到eureka注册中心的名称，比如订单服务)
spring:
  application:
    name: app-order
###服务注册到eureka注册中心的地址
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
    ###因为该应用为服务提供者，是eureka的一个客户端，需要注册到注册中心
    register-with-eureka: true
    ###是否需要从eureka上检索服务
    fetch-registry: true

3.4 Order Controller

package com.mr.order.controller;


import com.mr.entity.Order;
import com.mr.order.service.IOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private IOrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping(value = "order/{orderId}")
    public Order queryOrderById(@PathVariable("orderId") String orderId) {
        return this.orderService.queryOrderById(orderId);
    }
}

3.5OrderService

package com.mr.order.service.impl;


import com.mr.entity.Item;
import com.mr.entity.Order;
import com.mr.entity.OrderDetail;
import com.mr.order.service.IOrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.*;

@Service("orderService")
public class OrderService implements IOrderService {

    private static final Map<String, Order> ORDER_DATA = new HashMap<String, Order>();

    static {
        // 模拟数据库，构造测试数据
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setOrderId("201910300001");
        order.setCreateDate(new Date());
        order.setUpdateDate(order.getCreateDate());
        order.setUserId(1L);
        List<OrderDetail> orderDetails = new ArrayList<OrderDetail>();

        Item item = new Item();// 此处并没有商品的数据，只是保存了商品ID，需要调用商品微服务获取
        item.setId(1L);
        orderDetails.add(new OrderDetail(order.getOrderId(), item));

        item = new Item(); // 构造第二个商品数据
        item.setId(2L);
        orderDetails.add(new OrderDetail(order.getOrderId(), item));

        order.setOrderDetails(orderDetails);

        ORDER_DATA.put(order.getOrderId(), order);
    }

    @Autowired
    private ItemService itemService;

    /**
     * 根据订单id查询订单数据
     *
     * @param orderId
     * @return
     */
    public Order queryOrderById(String orderId) {
        Order order = ORDER_DATA.get(orderId);
        if (null == order) {
            return null;
        }
        List<OrderDetail> orderDetails = order.getOrderDetails();
        for (OrderDetail orderDetail : orderDetails) {
            // 通过商品微服务查询商品详细数据
            Item item = this.itemService.queryItemById(orderDetail.getItem()
                    .getId());
            if (null == item) {
                continue;
            }
            orderDetail.setItem(item);
        }

        return order;
    }

}

3.6ItemService(其实调用Item中的实现类)

package com.mr.order.service.impl;
import com.mr.entity.Item;
import com.mr.properties.OrderProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class ItemService {

    // Spring框架对RESTful方式的http请求做了封装，来简化操作
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    OrderProperties orderProperties;

    public Item queryItemById(Long id) {

        // 该方法走eureka注册中心调用(去注册中心根据app-item查找服务，这种方式必须先开启负载均衡@LoadBalanced)
        String itemUrl = "http://app-item/item/{id}";
        Item result = restTemplate.getForObject(itemUrl, Item.class, id);
        System.out.println("订单系统调用商品服务,result:" + result);
        return result;
    }
}

3.7创建orderproperties

package com.mr.properties;


import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 以myspcloud开头的配置被匹配到
 * @author Evan
 */
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="myspcloud")
public class OrderProperties {

    private ItemProperties item = new ItemProperties();

    public ItemProperties getItem() {
        return item;
    }

    public void setItem(ItemProperties item) {
        this.item = item;
    }
}

3.8创建OrderEntity

package com.mr.entity;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class Order {

    private String orderId;

    private Long userId;

    private Date createDate;

    private Date updateDate;

    private List<OrderDetail> orderDetails;

    public Order() {

    }

    public Order(String orderId, Long userId, Date createDate, Date updateDate) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.userId = userId;
        this.createDate = createDate;
        this.updateDate = updateDate;
    }

    public String getOrderId() {
        return orderId;
    }

    public void setOrderId(String orderId) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }

    public Long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public Date getCreateDate() {
        return createDate;
    }

    public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }

    public Date getUpdateDate() {
        return updateDate;
    }

    public void setUpdateDate(Date updateDate) {
        this.updateDate = updateDate;
    }


    public List<OrderDetail> getOrderDetails() {
        return orderDetails;
    }

    public void setOrderDetails(List<OrderDetail> orderDetails) {
        this.orderDetails = orderDetails;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", userId=" + userId
                + ", createDate=" + createDate + ", updateDate=" + updateDate
                + "]";
    }
}

3.9 将item项目中实体拷到order中

在这里插入图片描述

3.1.1创建OrderDetail

package com.mr.entity;

public class OrderDetail {

    private String orderId;

    private Item item = new Item();

    public OrderDetail() {

    }

    public OrderDetail(String orderId, Item item) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.item = item;
    }

    public String getOrderId() {
        return orderId;
    }

    public void setOrderId(String orderId) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }

    public Item getItem() {
        return item;
    }

    public void setItem(Item item) {
        this.item = item;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "OrderDetail [orderId=" + orderId + ", item=" + item + "]";
    }

}

测试接口

在这里插入图片描述

查看注册中心服务

在这里插入图片描述

江寸山

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SpringCloud-Eureka微服务注册与发现

微服务注册与发现原理事意图:由上图可以看出：1、服务提供者将服务注册到注册中心2、服务消费者通过注册中心查找服务3、查找到服务后进行调用（这里就是无需硬编码url的解决方案）4、服务的消费者与服务注册中心保持心跳连接，一旦服务提供者的地址发生变更时，注册中心会通知服务消费者注册中心:EurekaSpring Cloud提供了多种注册中心的支持，如：Eureka、consul、Zo...
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