ABAP 面向对象

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ABAP 面向对象

类-CLASS

EXPORTING和IMPORTING

创建程序
程序名:ZTEST_CLASS02_LHY
事务代码:SE38
输入程序名:ZTEST_CLASS02_LHY,点击“创建”按钮:
在这里插入图片描述

输入标题,选择标题,点击“创建”:
在这里插入图片描述
点击“本地对象”按钮:
在这里插入图片描述

编写程序履历

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_02_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& 类型:Report
*& 创建人:LiuHongyu
*& 创建时间:2024.1.22
*& 描述:面对对象学习测试
************************************************************************
*                       Changed History
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   版本                修改人            修改时间        修改描述
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   N                   LiuHongyu         2024.1.22       创建
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
************************************************************************
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

编写代码
类的定义和实现
1)定义一个car类
2)show_speed方法是用于展示speed
3)accelerrate方法有传入参数i,传出参数out_speed。
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS:show_speed,
            accelerate IMPORTING i TYPE i EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i.

ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD accelerate.
    speed = speed + i.
    out_speed = speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD show_speed.
    cl_demo_output=>display( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
完整程序
REPORT ztest_class_02_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS:show_speed,
            accelerate IMPORTING i TYPE i EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i.

ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD accelerate.
    speed = speed + i.
    out_speed = speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD show_speed.
    cl_demo_output=>display( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

DATA obj TYPE REF TO car. "定义对象
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA s TYPE i.
  DATA outspeed TYPE i.
  s = 1.
  CREATE OBJECT obj.  "创建对象
  CALL METHOD obj->accelerate
   EXPORTING i = s
   IMPORTING out_speed = outspeed.
  cl_demo_output=>write( outspeed ).
  "WRITE:'speed:', speed.
  CALL METHOD obj->show_speed( ).

创建对象obj,类型是参考car类,调用accelerate方法,传入参数s,用outspeed接受方法传出的out_speed的值。方法定义时用的是IMPORTING,调用时使用EXPORTING,定义使用EXPORTING,调用时使用IMPORTING。

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述

RETURNING与RECEIVING
如果省略CALL METHOD,则一定要加上括号形式;如果通过CALL METHOD来调用,则括号可加可不加
RECEIVING:用来接收METHODS /CLASS-METHODS 中RETURNING选项返回的值

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_02_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& 类型:Report
*& 创建人:LiuHongyu
*& 创建时间:2024.1.22
*& 描述:面对对象学习测试
************************************************************************
*                       Changed History
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   版本                修改人            修改时间        修改描述
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   N                   LiuHongyu         2024.1.22       创建
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
************************************************************************
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_02_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS:show_speed,
            accelerate IMPORTING i TYPE i EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i,
            decelerate  IMPORTING i         TYPE i
                        EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i
                        CHANGING de_speed   TYPE i
                        RETURNING VALUE(r1) TYPE i.

ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD accelerate.
    speed = speed + i.
    out_speed = speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD decelerate .
    speed = speed - i.
    out_speed = speed.
    speed = speed - de_speed.
    de_speed = de_speed + 1.
    r1 = out_speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD show_speed.
    cl_demo_output=>display( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

DATA obj TYPE REF TO car. "定义对象
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA s TYPE i.
  DATA: de_i TYPE i,
        de_out_speed TYPE i,
        de_de_speed TYPE i,
        de_r1 TYPE i.
  DATA outspeed TYPE i.
  de_i = 1.
  de_de_speed = 7.
  s = 10.
  CREATE OBJECT obj.  "创建对象
  CALL METHOD obj->accelerate
   EXPORTING i = s
   IMPORTING out_speed = outspeed.
  cl_demo_output=>write( '调用accelerate加速方法:' ).
  cl_demo_output=>write( outspeed ).  "10
  "WRITE:'speed:', speed.
  CALL METHOD obj->show_speed( ). "10
  cl_demo_output=>write( '调用decelerate减速方法:' ).
*  CALL METHOD obj->decelerate
*    EXPORTING i = de_i
*    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
*    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出
*    RECEIVING r1 = de_r1. "RECEIVING:接收
  de_r1 = obj->decelerate(
    EXPORTING i = de_i
    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed ).   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出
    "RECEIVING r1 = de_r1. "RECEIVING:接收
  cl_demo_output=>write( de_out_speed ). "9
  cl_demo_output=>write( de_de_speed ). "8
  cl_demo_output=>write( de_r1 ). "9
  obj->show_speed( ).

接收decelerate方法返回的变量r1

方法1

de_r1接收decelerate方法的值:

 de_r1 = obj->decelerate(
    EXPORTING i = de_i
    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed ).   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出

方法2
使用CALL METHOD来调用decelerate方法,将dei传入方法,deout_speed接收,用r1来接收RETURNING的值:

CALL METHOD obj->decelerate
    EXPORTING i = de_i
    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出
    RECEIVING r1 = de_r1. "RECEIVING:接收

执行结果

在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述

继承

基类的定义和实现

* 基类
CLASS base DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: length  TYPE i, "长
          width   TYPE i, "宽
          high    TYPE i, "高
          area    TYPE p DECIMALS 2,  "面积
          volumes TYPE p DECIMALS 2.  "体积
    METHODS: calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: p_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.

* 基类实现
CLASS base IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 2.
    p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

子类的定义和实现

子类自己定义和实现了chcalculatearea方法,子类不能访问基类的私有变量,并重写了基类的calculate_area方法,重写要加上REDEFINITION关键字:

* 子类
CLASS child DEFINITION INHERITING FROM base.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA: cl_child_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
    METHODS:
    calculate_area REDEFINITION,  "REDEFINITION重写方法
    ch_calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS child IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD calculate_area."重写父类的方法
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 100.
    cl_child_area = area.
    "p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD ch_calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 5.
    cl_child_area = area.
    "p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( cl_child_area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

主程序调用

START-OF-SELECTION.
*&---------------------------Variable----------------------------------*
  DATA: length TYPE i,
        width TYPE i,
        high TYPE i,
        area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
  DATA base_obj TYPE REF TO base.
  DATA ch_obj TYPE REF TO child.
  CREATE OBJECT base_obj.
  CREATE OBJECT ch_obj.
  length = 9.
  width = 3.
  high  = 6.
*&---------------------------Logic----------------------------------*
  CALL METHOD base_obj->calculate_area  "调用calculate_area方法
              EXPORTING l  = length
                        w  = width
                        h  = high
              IMPORTING a  = area.
  WRITE:/, 'area:',area.

  CALL METHOD ch_obj->ch_calculate_area "调用子类的方法
              EXPORTING l = length
                        w = width
                        h = high
              IMPORTING a = area.
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.
  CALL METHOD ch_obj->calculate_area "调用父类的方法
                EXPORTING l = length
                          w = width
                          h = high
                IMPORTING a = area.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.

执行效果
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write打印:
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构造函数constructor

定义构造函数constructor:
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REPORT ztest_class_02_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS:show_speed,
            accelerate IMPORTING i TYPE i EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i,
            decelerate  IMPORTING i         TYPE i
                        EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i
                        CHANGING de_speed   TYPE i
                        RETURNING VALUE(r1) TYPE i,
            constructor.  "构造函数
ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD accelerate.
    speed = speed + i.
    out_speed = speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD decelerate .
    speed = speed - i.
    out_speed = speed.
    speed = speed - de_speed.
    de_speed = de_speed + 1.
    r1 = out_speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD show_speed.
    cl_demo_output=>display( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD constructor.
    cl_demo_output=>display('constructor triggered').
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
主程序
创建car类对象obj,调用accelerate方法,调用show_speed方法。
DATA obj TYPE REF TO car. "定义对象
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA s TYPE i.
  DATA: de_i TYPE i,
        de_out_speed TYPE i,
        de_de_speed TYPE i,
        de_r1 TYPE i.
  DATA outspeed TYPE i.
  de_i = 1.
  de_de_speed = 7.
  s = 10.
  CREATE OBJECT obj.  "创建对象
  CALL METHOD obj->accelerate
   EXPORTING i = s
   IMPORTING out_speed = outspeed.
  cl_demo_output=>write( '调用accelerate加速方法:' ).
  cl_demo_output=>write( outspeed ).  "10
  "WRITE:'speed:', speed.
  CALL METHOD obj->show_speed( ). "10

执行效果

执行完之后,弹出两个弹窗
第一个:
在这里插入图片描述

第二个:
在这里插入图片描述

重写和super关键字

* 基类
CLASS base DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: length  TYPE i, "长
          width   TYPE i, "宽
          high    TYPE i, "高
          area    TYPE p DECIMALS 2,  "面积
          volumes TYPE p DECIMALS 2.  "体积
    METHODS: calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: p_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.


* 基类实现
CLASS base IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 2.
    p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

* 子类
CLASS child DEFINITION INHERITING FROM base.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA: cl_child_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
    METHODS:
    calculate_area REDEFINITION,  "REDEFINITION重写方法
    ch_calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS child IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD calculate_area."重写父类的方法
    CALL METHOD super->calculate_area   "使用super调用父类的方法
      EXPORTING
        l = length
        w = width
        h = high
      IMPORTING
        a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( '重写父类的方法后,通过super调用父类的方法获取的area:' ).
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
*    length = l.
*    width = w.
*    high = h.
*    area = ( length * width ) / 100.
*    cl_child_area = area.
*    "p_area = area.
*    a = area.
*    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD ch_calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 5.
    cl_child_area = area.
    "p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( cl_child_area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

主程序

DATA obj TYPE REF TO car. "定义对象
START-OF-SELECTION.
*&---------------------------Variable----------------------------------*
  DATA: length TYPE i,
        width TYPE i,
        high TYPE i,
        area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
  DATA base_obj TYPE REF TO base.
  DATA ch_obj TYPE REF TO child.
  CREATE OBJECT base_obj.
  CREATE OBJECT ch_obj.
  length = 9.
  width = 3.
  high  = 6.
*&---------------------------Logic----------------------------------*
  CALL METHOD base_obj->calculate_area  "调用calculate_area方法
              EXPORTING l  = length
                        w  = width
                        h  = high
              IMPORTING a  = area.
  WRITE:/, 'area:',area.

  CALL METHOD ch_obj->ch_calculate_area "调用子类的方法
              EXPORTING l = length
                        w = width
                        h = high
              IMPORTING a = area.
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.
  CALL METHOD ch_obj->calculate_area "调用父类的方法
                EXPORTING l = length
                          w = width
                          h = high
                IMPORTING a = area.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.

在这里插入图片描述

完整程序*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_02_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& 类型:Report
*& 创建人:LiuHongyu
*& 创建时间:2024.1.22
*& 描述:面对对象学习测试
************************************************************************
*                       Changed History
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   版本                修改人            修改时间        修改描述
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
*   N                   LiuHongyu         2024.1.22       创建
*-------------       -------------     ---------------   ---------------
************************************************************************
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_02_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS:show_speed,
            accelerate IMPORTING i TYPE i EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i,
            decelerate  IMPORTING i         TYPE i
                        EXPORTING out_speed TYPE i
                        CHANGING de_speed   TYPE i
                        RETURNING VALUE(r1) TYPE i,
            constructor.  "构造函数
ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD accelerate.
    speed = speed + i.
    out_speed = speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD decelerate .
    speed = speed - i.
    out_speed = speed.
    speed = speed - de_speed.
    de_speed = de_speed + 1.
    r1 = out_speed.
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD show_speed.
    cl_demo_output=>display( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD constructor.
    cl_demo_output=>display('Constructor Triggered').
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

* 基类
CLASS base DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: length  TYPE i, "长
          width   TYPE i, "宽
          high    TYPE i, "高
          area    TYPE p DECIMALS 2,  "面积
          volumes TYPE p DECIMALS 2.  "体积
    METHODS: calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: p_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.


* 基类实现
CLASS base IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 2.
    p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

* 子类
CLASS child DEFINITION INHERITING FROM base.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA: cl_child_area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
    METHODS:
    calculate_area REDEFINITION,  "REDEFINITION重写方法
    ch_calculate_area IMPORTING l TYPE i w TYPE i h TYPE i
                  EXPORTING a TYPE p.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS child IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD calculate_area."重写父类的方法
    CALL METHOD super->calculate_area   "使用super调用父类的方法
      EXPORTING
        l = length
        w = width
        h = high
      IMPORTING
        a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( '重写父类的方法后,通过super调用父类的方法获取的area:' ).
    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
*    length = l.
*    width = w.
*    high = h.
*    area = ( length * width ) / 100.
*    cl_child_area = area.
*    "p_area = area.
*    a = area.
*    cl_demo_output=>write( area ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD ch_calculate_area.
    length = l.
    width = w.
    high = h.
    area = ( length * width ) / 5.
    cl_child_area = area.
    "p_area = area.
    a = area.
    cl_demo_output=>write( cl_child_area ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.


DATA obj TYPE REF TO car. "定义对象
START-OF-SELECTION.
*&---------------------------Variable----------------------------------*
  DATA: length TYPE i,
        width TYPE i,
        high TYPE i,
        area TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
  DATA base_obj TYPE REF TO base.
  DATA ch_obj TYPE REF TO child.
  CREATE OBJECT base_obj.
  CREATE OBJECT ch_obj.
  length = 9.
  width = 3.
  high  = 6.
*&---------------------------Logic----------------------------------*
  CALL METHOD base_obj->calculate_area  "调用calculate_area方法
              EXPORTING l  = length
                        w  = width
                        h  = high
              IMPORTING a  = area.
  WRITE:/, 'area:',area.

  CALL METHOD ch_obj->ch_calculate_area "调用子类的方法
              EXPORTING l = length
                        w = width
                        h = high
              IMPORTING a = area.
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.
  CALL METHOD ch_obj->calculate_area "调用父类的方法
                EXPORTING l = length
                          w = width
                          h = high
                IMPORTING a = area.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).
  WRITE:/, 'child_area:',area.
*  DATA s TYPE i.
*  DATA: de_i TYPE i,
*        de_out_speed TYPE i,
*        de_de_speed TYPE i,
*        de_r1 TYPE i.
*  DATA outspeed TYPE i.
*  de_i = 1.
*  de_de_speed = 7.
*  s = 10.
*  CREATE OBJECT obj.  "创建对象
*  CALL METHOD obj->accelerate
*   EXPORTING i = s
*   IMPORTING out_speed = outspeed.
*  cl_demo_output=>write( '调用accelerate加速方法:' ).
*  cl_demo_output=>write( outspeed ).  "10
*  "WRITE:'speed:', speed.
*  CALL METHOD obj->show_speed( ). "10
*  cl_demo_output=>write( '调用decelerate减速方法:' ).
**  CALL METHOD obj->decelerate
**    EXPORTING i = de_i
**    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
**    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出
**    RECEIVING r1 = de_r1. "RECEIVING:接收
*  de_r1 = obj->decelerate(
*    EXPORTING i = de_i
*    IMPORTING out_speed = de_out_speed
*    CHANGING de_speed = de_de_speed ).   "CHANGING:既可以传入 也可以传出
*    "RECEIVING r1 = de_r1. "RECEIVING:接收
*  cl_demo_output=>write( de_out_speed ). "9
*  cl_demo_output=>write( de_de_speed ). "8
*  cl_demo_output=>write( de_r1 ). "9
*  obj->show_speed( ).

OPTIONAL 和 DEFAULT

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL:表示参数是可选的,在调用时是可选择是否传参的,你可以传递参数,也可以不传递参数。

DEFAULT

DEFAULT:表示参数的有默认值的,是否传递参数也是可选的,你可以不传递参数,此时的默认值是定义时的默认值。如果传递参数,那么就使用你传入的值。
程序名:ZTESTCLASS03_LHY
在这里插入图片描述
如果使用DEFAULT,需要设置默认值:
在这里插入图片描述

设置为1:
在这里插入图片描述

car类的定义和实现

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_03_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_03_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS: fun1 IMPORTING a TYPE i OPTIONAL,
             fun2 IMPORTING b TYPE i DEFAULT 1.
endclass.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD fun1.
     speed = a.
     cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD fun2.
    weight = b.
    cl_demo_output=>write( weight ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
不传值时的主程序
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).
传值时的主程序
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).

运行结果

不传值时

不向方法fun1和fun2传值,效果如下:
在这里插入图片描述

传值时

向fun1传递参数1000,向fun2传递3时,效果如下:
在这里插入图片描述

完整程序

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_03_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_03_lhy.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS: fun1 IMPORTING a TYPE i OPTIONAL,
             fun2 IMPORTING b TYPE i DEFAULT 1.
endclass.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD fun1.
     speed = a.
     cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD fun2.
    weight = b.
    cl_demo_output=>write( weight ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
*  CALL METHOD a->fun1.
*  CALL METHOD a->fun2.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).

接口-INTERFACE

接口定义

接口保证这些类外部看起来具有一致性标准化的接口, 又可以在不同的类内部使用不同的实现方法。
在接口定义内部可以声明的成员与类中的成员相同, 但无需注明具体的可见性, 因为具体类中实现的所有接口组件均为公有成员. 同时, 接口定义中也只包含成员声明部分, 而具体的实现也将在具体类中进行.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* r_run接口的定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
INTERFACE i_run.
  "INTERFACE内的都是公共的,不用刻意说明限制范围:PUBLIC / PROTECT / PRIVATE
  DATA speed TYPE i.
  CLASS-DATA cl_speed TYPE i.
  METHODS: acc1 IMPORTING a TYPE i.
ENDINTERFACE.

报错

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
acc1没有被识别到,因为没有加上i_run1~:来指明接口
在这里插入图片描述

实现接口方法

加上i_run~接口:

在这里插入图片描述

调用接口方法

通过类访问接口方法
使用a->i_runacc1来调用实现的接口的方法,需要使用对象->接口名方法名:

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_03_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_03_lhy.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* r_run接口的定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
INTERFACE i_run.
  "INTERFACE内的都是公共的,不用刻意说明限制范围:PUBLIC / PROTECT / PRIVATE
  DATA speed TYPE i.
  CLASS-DATA cl_speed TYPE i.
  METHODS: acc1 IMPORTING a TYPE i.
ENDINTERFACE.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS: fun1 IMPORTING a TYPE i OPTIONAL,
             fun2 IMPORTING b TYPE i DEFAULT 1.
    INTERFACES i_run.
ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD fun1.
     speed = a.
     cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD fun2.
    weight = b.
    cl_demo_output=>write( weight ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD i_run~acc1.
    speed = speed * a.
    cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
  CALL METHOD a->i_run~acc1 EXPORTING a = 3. "a->i_run~acc1,需要使用对象->接口名~方法名
*  CALL METHOD a->fun1.
*  CALL METHOD a->fun2.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).

运行效果

第一个是调用fun1方法得到的speed,第二个是调用fun2方法得到的weight,第三个调用acc1方法得到的speed:

CALL METHOD a->i_run~acc1 EXPORTING a = 3. "a->i_run~acc1,需要使用对象->接口名~方法名

在这里插入图片描述

通过接口访问成员

 CALL METHOD intf->acc1 EXPORTING a = 8.

完整程序

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZTEST_CLASS_03_LHY
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT ztest_class_03_lhy.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* r_run接口的定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
INTERFACE i_run.
  "INTERFACE内的都是公共的,不用刻意说明限制范围:PUBLIC / PROTECT / PRIVATE
  DATA speed TYPE i.
  CLASS-DATA cl_speed TYPE i.
  METHODS: acc1 IMPORTING a TYPE i.
ENDINTERFACE.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类定义
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    DATA: speed   TYPE i,
          weight  TYPE i.
    METHODS: fun1 IMPORTING a TYPE i OPTIONAL,
             fun2 IMPORTING b TYPE i DEFAULT 1.
    INTERFACES i_run.
ENDCLASS.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* car类的实现部分
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS car IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD fun1.
     speed = a.
     cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD fun2.
    weight = b.
    cl_demo_output=>write( weight ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD i_run~acc1.
    speed = speed * a.
    cl_demo_output=>write( speed ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  DATA intf TYPE REF TO i_run."intf接口对象
  CREATE OBJECT intf TYPE car.  "通过挂靠在类上来
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  CALL METHOD intf->acc1 EXPORTING a = 8.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
  CALL METHOD a->i_run~acc1 EXPORTING a = 3. "a->i_run~acc1,需要使用对象->接口名~方法名
*  CALL METHOD a->fun1.
*  CALL METHOD a->fun2.
  cl_demo_output=>display( ).

运行效果
第一个SPEED是通过intf接口变量调用acc1方法输出的:
在这里插入图片描述

接口引用间赋值

接口类型不能赋值给非object类的类

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  DATA intf TYPE REF TO i_run."intf接口对象
  DATA myc1 TYPE REF TO object."类object是所有类的父类,且不需实例(create OBJECT会报错)
  CREATE OBJECT intf TYPE car.  "通过挂靠在类上
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  "a = intf.
  intf = a.
  myc1 = intf. "接口可以赋值给object类的对象
  CALL METHOD intf->acc1 EXPORTING a = 8.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
  CALL METHOD a->i_run~acc1 EXPORTING a = 3. "a->i_run~acc1,需要使用对象->接口名~方法名
* 类赋值给接口
  intf = a."正常
  intf = myc1.

报错

接口类型不能赋值给非object类的类,只能赋值给object类型的:
在这里插入图片描述
例如:

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  DATA intf TYPE REF TO i_run."intf接口对象
  DATA intf2 TYPE REF TO i_run.
  DATA myc1 TYPE REF TO object."类object是所有类的父类,且不需实例(create OBJECT会报错)
  CREATE OBJECT intf TYPE car.  "通过挂靠在类上来
  CREATE OBJECT intf2 TYPE car.
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  "a = intf.
  intf = a.
  myc1 = intf. "接口可以赋值给object类的对象

object类型不能赋值成接口类型

在这里插入图片描述
转换成car类型是不会报错的:

START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA a TYPE REF TO car.
  DATA intf TYPE REF TO i_run."intf接口对象
  DATA myc1 TYPE REF TO object."类object是所有类的父类,且不需实例(create OBJECT会报错)
  CREATE OBJECT intf TYPE car.  "通过挂靠在类上
  CREATE OBJECT a.
  "a = intf.
  intf = a.
  myc1 = intf. "接口可以赋值给object类的对象
  CALL METHOD intf->acc1 EXPORTING a = 8.
  CALL METHOD a->fun1 EXPORTING a = 1000.
  CALL METHOD a->fun2 EXPORTING b = 3.
  CALL METHOD a->i_run~acc1 EXPORTING a = 3. "a->i_run~acc1,需要使用对象->接口名~方法名
* 类赋值给接口
  intf = a."正常
  intf = myc1. 

intf = myc1.会报错。object类型的对象不能赋值给i_run接口类型,需要使用 ?= 强制转换符进行转换。

?= 类、接口等类型的向下类型转换

一、概念
向上转型是指将子类的实例赋值给父类类型的变量。 向下转型是指将父类的实例赋值给子类类型的变量。
二、向上转型
1、向上转型后父类的引用所指向的属性是父类的属性。 2、如果子类重写了父类的方法,那么父类引用指向的或者调用的方法是子类的方法,这个叫动态绑定(实现多态)。 3、父类引用不能调用子类自己的方法。 4、向上转型会丢失子类的新增方法,同时会保留子类重写的方法。
三、向下转型
1、编译时需要强制类型转换,father前面的必须添加(Son)。 2、运行时会出现java.lang.ClassCastException错误,可使用instanceof来避免出错此类错误。 3、向下转型可以得到子类的所有方法(包含父类的方法)。
?= 和 =
?= 向下类型转换(Down Cast )
= 向上类型转换(Up Cast )
1、向上、向下中的上下,可以理解成父类和子类。
2、向上转型(up-cast 或者 narrowing cast)指子类型引用实例化父类型对象,这样父类引用指向子类引用。这样之后父类的引用是访问不了子类的变量和方法的。用narrowing理解好点。
3、向下转型(down-cast 或者 widening cast) 父类型的引用来实例化子类型对象。这样之后子类型可以访问子类型所有方法,具体后面讲到。必须用 ?= 或者move…?to… (cast operator)
• 向上转型是把子类引用实例化父类对象。
• 向下转型是把父类引用实例化子类对象。
因为父亲有的,儿子肯定也有。所以可以直接转型。
loson = lofather.(向上)
但是儿子有的,父亲不一定有。所以需要强制转型。
lofather ?= loson.(向下)

事件

参考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61425806/article/details/128902242
• 用于捕获某类对象状态的改变来触发事件的方法,并进行处理。
• 事件是没有继承关系的类之间可以互相调用彼此方法的特殊方法。
• 当需要关联两个互不关联的类时,需要通过定义事件来实现

声明事件

事件可以在类或接口的声名部分进行声明.
定义:可以在类或接口中进行声明:
EVENTS|CLASS-EVENTS evt
EXPORTING … VALUE(p1)TYPE type|LIKE f [OPTIONAL|DEFAULT g] …
例:
EVENTS mod_10 EXPORTING VALUE(p_data) TYPE i.
实例事件中包含一个隐含参数SENDER,该参数的类型为触发时间的类或接口对象引用。

触发事件

非静态事件只能在非静态方法中触发,而不能在静态方法中触发;而静态事件即可在静态也可在非静态方法中进行触发,或者反过来说:实例方法既可触发静态事件,也可触发非静态事件,但静态方法就只能触发静态事件。

RAISE EVENT mod_10 EXPORTING p_data = t_data."触发事件

接收事件

事件需要通过方法捕获事件并进行处理, 必须首先为该事件定义一个事件处理方法, 然后在运行时为该事件进行注册。

METHODS write_data FOR EVENT mod_10 OF cl_data IMPORTING p_data."接收事件

注册事件

要使事件处理方法能够对事件进行响应,必须在运行时为相关事件注册该方法:

SET HANDLER cl_handl->write_data FOR cl_event."注册事件,才可以进行两个类之间的变量传值

对于实例事件, 在进行处理之前必须在注册语句中使用附加项 FOR 指定希望注册到的对象.
可以指定一个单独的对象作为事件触发者。

SET HANDLER ... hi ... FOR ref.

或者使用 FOR ALL INSTANCES 附加项为处理器注册所有可以触发该事件的实例;

SET HANDLER ... hi ... FOR ALL INSTANCES.

该注册过程可以作用于目前尚未被创建的实例。

SET HANDLER ... hi ...

对于静态事件, 则不能使用 FOR 附加项;
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

示例

程序名:ZTESTCLASS03_LHY
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
* cl_data类定义 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
CLASS cl_data DEFINITION. 
  PUBLIC SECTION. "公有 
    METHODS add_data. 
    EVENTS mod_10 EXPORTING VALUE(p_data) TYPE i."定义事件 
  PRIVATE SECTION. "私有 
    DATA t_data TYPE i. 
ENDCLASS. 
 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
* cl_data类实现 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
CLASS cl_data IMPLEMENTATION. 
  METHOD add_data. 
    DATA gv_data TYPE i. 
    t_data = t_data + 1. 
    gv_data = t_data MOD 10."取余 
    IF gv_data = 0."如果余数等于0 
      RAISE EVENT mod_10 EXPORTING p_data = t_data."触发事件 
    ENDIF. 
  ENDMETHOD. 
ENDCLASS. 
 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
* lcl_handler类定义 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
CLASS lcl_handler DEFINITION. 
  PUBLIC SECTION. 
    METHODS write_data FOR EVENT mod_10 OF cl_data IMPORTING p_data."接收事件 
ENDCLASS. 
 
 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
* lcl_handler类实现 
*---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
CLASS lcl_handler IMPLEMENTATION. 
  METHOD write_data. 
    WRITE:/ p_data. 
  ENDMETHOD. 
ENDCLASS. 
 
 
DATA cl_event TYPE REF TO cl_data."创建对象 
DATA cl_handl TYPE REF TO lcl_handler. "创建对象 
 
START-OF-SELECTION. 
  CREATE OBJECT cl_handl."实例化 
  CREATE OBJECT cl_event. "实例化 
 
SET HANDLER cl_handl->write_data FOR cl_event."注册事件,才可以进行两个类之间的变量传值 
 
DO 50 TIMES. 
  CALL METHOD cl_event->add_data. 
ENDDO.

运行效果

在这里插入图片描述

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