python----接口自动化测试：接口自动化测试模块requests

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前言

作为一名合格的测试，不可能没有听说过接口自动化测试，通常接口自动化测试实现可以用python、Java语言，就我个人而言，在做自动化测试时，选用的是python，那么其中涉及到一个很重要的内置模块：requests库

一、初识requests

requests库是python的内置库，通过导入此模块，可对接口进行调用，模块主要用来发送 HTTP 请求的

安装requests

pip install requests

导入requests

import requests

查看requests源码：

from . import sessions


def request(method, url, **kwargs):
    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.

    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
        to add for the file.
    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response

    Usage::

      >>> import requests
      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
      >>> req
      <Response [200]>
    """

    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
    with sessions.Session() as session:
        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)


def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a GET request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)


def options(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('options', url, **kwargs)


def head(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a HEAD request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. If
        `allow_redirects` is not provided, it will be set to `False` (as
        opposed to the default :meth:`request` behavior).
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', False)
    return request('head', url, **kwargs)


def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a POST request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)


def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a PUT request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('put', url, data=data, **kwargs)


def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a PATCH request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('patch', url, data=data, **kwargs)


def delete(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a DELETE request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('delete', url, **kwargs)

requests库下可调用的方法

方法	使用
get	requests.request(‘GET’, ‘https://httpbin.org/get’)
options	requests.request('options ', 'https://httpbin.org/options ')
post	requests.request(‘post’, ‘https://httpbin.org/post’)
delete	requests.request(‘delete’, ‘https://httpbin.org/delete’)
put	requests.request(‘put’, ‘https://httpbin.org/put’)
head	requests.request(‘head’, ‘https://httpbin.org/head’)
patch	requests.request(‘patch’, ‘https://httpbin.org/patch’)

Usage::

  >>> import requests
  >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
  >>> req
  <Response [200]>

二、requests库应用

get使用：

代码如下（示例）：

 import requests
 import requests
res = requests.request("get",'https://httpbin.org/get')
print(res.json())

#返回结果：
{'args': {}, 'headers': {'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'X-Amzn-Trace-Id': 'Root=1-62cd2d0b-1287c47b06b5a65c65047b31'}, 'origin': '59.42.206.56', 'url': 'https://httpbin.org/get'}

post使用：

代码如下（示例）：

 import requests
data = {
    "name":'ha'
}
res = requests.request("post",'https://httpbin.org/post',json = data)
print(res.json())

#返回结果：
{'args': {}, 'data': '{"name": "ha"}', 'files': {}, 'form': {}, 'headers': {'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Content-Length': '14', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'X-Amzn-Trace-Id': 'Root=1-62cd2db2-68a77b6511dfbb9d6948c878'}, 'json': {'name': 'ha'}, 'origin': '59.42.206.56', 'url': 'https://httpbin.org/post'}