shell脚本中$#、$*、$@、$?、$0等含义一文搞懂

一、Shell脚本变量的含义

1、$#：表示执行脚本传入参数的个数

2、$*：表示执行脚本传入参数的列表（不包括$0）

3、$$：表示进程的id；Shell本身的PID（ProcessID，即脚本运行的当前 进程ID号）

4、$!：Shell最后运行的后台Process的PID(后台运行的最后一个进程的 进程ID号)

5、$@：表示执行脚本传入参数的所有个数（不包括$0）

6、$0：表示执行的脚本名称

7、$1：表示第一个参数

8、$2：表示第二个参数

9、$?：表示脚本执行的状态，0表示正常，其他表示错误

二 $$\ast 和$ $@的差异

在shell中，KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '$' in math mode at position 3: @和$̲ $*都表示命令行所有的参数（…@则区分各个参数
Demo 脚本示例：

cat ./tmp/shll_test/test.sh
#!/bin/sh
 
MY_SHELL_PATH=`dirname $0`
 
echo "print shell script location:"
echo ${MY_SHELL_PATH}
echo "===================================="
 
echo "enter shell script location:${MY_SHELL_PATH}"
cd `dirname $0`
echo "list current directory content:"
ls -lh
echo "===================================="
 
echo "shell script name=${0}"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "first args=${1}"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "second args=${2}"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "arguments number=$#"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "arguments list content=$@"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "arguments list content=$*"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "the process id is " "$$"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "the shell execute return value is " "$?"
echo "===================================="
 
echo "the all paramters:"
for i in "$@"
  do
    echo $i  #循环$#次
  done
echo "===================================="
 
 
 
echo "the all paramters:"
for i in "$*"
  do
    echo $i
  done
echo "===================================="

结果：

[root@t4-algo-7 /]# pwd
/
[root@t4-algo-7 /]# ll
total 76
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Nov 29  2018 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 Nov 29  2018 boot
drwxr-xr-x   19 root root  3120 Dec 29 10:05 dev
drwxr-xr-x.  84 root root  4096 Jan 12 15:29 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   7 root root  4096 Dec 31 12:00 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Nov 29  2018 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Nov 29  2018 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root 16384 Nov 29  2018 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root  4096 Dec 31 11:02 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   6 root root  4096 Jan 12 11:53 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  400 root root     0 Jan  7  2020 proc
dr-xr-x---.  22 root root  4096 Jan 12 18:27 root
drwxr-xr-x   27 root root   840 Jan 12 12:01 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Nov 29  2018 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 Mar 23  2020 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  12 root root 20480 Jan 12 18:34 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 Nov 29  2018 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  4096 Nov 29  2018 var
 
[root@t4-algo-7 shll_test]# pwd
/tmp/shll_test
[root@t4-algo-7 shll_test]# yum install -y tree
[root@t4-algo-7 shll_test]# tree 
.
├── dir1
│   └── dir2
├── file.txt
└── test.sh
 
2 directories, 2 files
[root@t4-algo-7 shll_test]#
[root@t4-algo-7 /]# ./tmp/shll_test/test.sh 1 2 3,4
print shell script location:
./tmp/shll_test
====================================
enter shell script location:./tmp/shll_test
list current directory content:
total 8.0K
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Jan 12 18:22 dir1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Jan 12 18:22 file.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.2K Jan 12 18:50 test.sh
====================================
shell script name=./tmp/shll_test/test.sh
====================================
first args=1
====================================
second args=2
====================================
arguments number=3
====================================
arguments list content=1 2 3,4
====================================
arguments list content=1 2 3,4
====================================
the process id is  6152
====================================
the shell execute return value is  0
====================================
the all paramters:
1
2
3,4
====================================
the all paramters:
1 2 3,4
====================================
[root@t4-algo-7 /]#