python的上下文管理器

1.为什么使用上下文管理器

循环打开1000万个文件,且用完之后不关闭,会照成资源泄露,并报如下错

OSError:[Errno 23] Too many open files in system 'test.txt'

2.基于类的上下文

1.实现文件的打开和关闭

class FileManager:

    def __init__(self, name, mode):
        print("calling __init__ method")
        self.name = name
        self.mode = mode
        self.file = None

    def __enter__(self):
        print('calling __enter__ method')
        return self.file

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('calling __exit__ method')
        if self.file:
            self.file.close()

        return True
  

2.使用上下文改善异常处理

from django.http import HttpResponse


class ErrorCodes:
    AVATAR_FILE_NOT_PROVIDED = "not file provide"


class RaiseApiError:
    def __init__(self, captures, code_name):
        self.captures = captures
        self.code = getattr(ErrorCodes, code_name)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        if exc_type is None:
            return False

        if exc_type == self.captures:
            raise self.code from exc_val

        return False


def upload_avatar(request):
    """用户上传新头像"""
    with RaiseApiError(KeyError, 'AVATAR_FILE_NOT_PROVIDED'):
        avatar_file = request.FILES['avatar']

    with RaiseApiError(ResizeAvatarError, 'AVATAR_FILE_INVALID'), RaiseApiError(FileTooLargeError,
                                                                                'AVATAR_FILE_TOO_LARGE'):
        resized_avatar_file = resize_avatar(avatar_file)

    with RaiseApiError(Exception, 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR'):
        request.user.avatar = resized_avatar_file
        request.user.save()

    return HttpResponse({})

3.基于生成器的上下文

1.实现文件的打开和关闭

import contextlib


@contextlib.contextmanager
def open_func(file_name):
    # __enter__方法
    print('open file:', file_name, 'in __enter__')
    file_handler = open(file_name, 'r')

    # yield
    yield file_handler

    # __exit__方法
    print('close file:', file_name, 'in __exit__')
    file_handler.close()
    return


with open_func('test.txt') as file_in:
    for line in file_in:
        print(line)

2.创建临时目录,使用完后再删除临时目录

import contextlib
import shutil
import tempfile


@contextlib.contextmanager
def tempdir(file_path):
    temp_dir = tempfile.mktemp(file_path)
    try:
        yield temp_dir
    finally:
        try:
            shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
        except OSError as error:
            print("Could not remove tmpdir:%s")