将已经在git仓库的文件从仓库中移除，但在本地保留

如果你错误的将某个文件添加到仓库中，想将其移除。但又希望在计算机本地保留该文件。

操作命令为：

git rm --cached -r .idea/  # .idea/ 为需要删除的文件名或文件夹名

为了防止类似情况的发生，可以将不想添加的文件夹加入 .gitignore文件中。

常用的.gitignore文件可以参考下面这个

# ---> Python
# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
*.DS_Store

# C extensions
*.so

# Distribution / packaging
.Python
env/
build/
develop-eggs/
downloads/
eggs/
.eggs/
lib/
lib64/
parts/
sdist/
var/
/node_modules/
#index.html
*.egg-info/
.installed.cfg
*.egg

# PyInstaller
#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
*.manifest
*.spec

# Installer logs
pip-log.txt
pip-delete-this-directory.txt

# Unit test / coverage reports
htmlcov/
.tox/
.coverage
.coverage.*
.cache
nosetests.xml
coverage.xml
*,cover

# Translations
*.mo
*.pot

# Django stuff:
*.log

# Sphinx documentation
docs/_build/

# PyBuilder
target/

# ---> JetBrains
# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio

*.iml

## Directory-based project format:
.idea/
# if you remove the above rule, at least ignore the following:

# User-specific stuff:
# .idea/workspace.xml
# .idea/tasks.xml
# .idea/dictionaries

# Sensitive or high-churn files:
# .idea/dataSources.ids
# .idea/dataSources.xml
# .idea/sqlDataSources.xml
# .idea/dynamic.xml
# .idea/uiDesigner.xml

# Gradle:
# .idea/gradle.xml
# .idea/libraries

# Mongo Explorer plugin:
# .idea/mongoSettings.xml

## File-based project format:
*.ipr
*.iws

## Plugin-specific files:

# IntelliJ
/out/

# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
.idea_modules/

# JIRA plugin
atlassian-ide-plugin.xml

# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
crashlytics.properties
crashlytics-build.properties

# index.html
*.js.map