数组方法简介
map: 遍历数组,返回回调返回值组成的新数组
forEach: 无法break,可以用try/catch中throw new Error来停止
filter: 过滤
some: 有一项返回true,则整体为true // every:有一项返回false,则整体为false
join: 通过指定连接符生成字符串
push / pop:末尾推入和弹出,改变原数组, 返回推入/弹出项
unshift / shift: 头部推入和弹出,改变原数组,返回操作项
sort(fn) / reverse: 排序与反转,改变原数组
concat: 连接数组,不影响原数组, 浅拷贝 //
slice(start, end): 返回截断后的新数组,不改变原数组
splice(start, number,value…): 返回删除元素组成的数组,value为插入项,改变原数组
indexOf / lastIndexOf(value,fromIndex): 查找数组项,返回对应的下标
reduce / reduceRight(fn(prev, cur),defaultPrev): 两两执行,prev 为上次化简函数的return值,cur为当前值(从第二项开始)
数组扁平化
普通递归
/* ES6 */
const flatten = (arr) => {
let result = [];
arr.forEach((item, i, arr) => {
if (Array.isArray(item)) {
result = result.concat(flatten(item));
// result.push(...flatten(ele))
} else {
result.push(arr[i])
}
})
return result;
};
tostring
/* ES6 */
const flatten = (arr) => arr.toString().split(',');
reduce
function flatten(arr){
return arr.reduce(function(prev, cur){
return prev.concat(Array.isArray(cur) ? flatten(cur) : cur)
}, [])
}
some + 展开运算符
function flatten(arr){
while(arr.some(item => Array.isArray(item))){
arr = [].concat(...arr);
}
return arr;
}
some + [].concat.apply
/* ES6 */
const flatten = (arr) => {
while (arr.some(item => Array.isArray(item))){
arr = [].concat.apply([], arr);
}
return arr;
}
Array.prototype.flat
arr.flat(Infinity)
数组去重
原地去重(性能很好)
function removeDuplicates(nums) {
if (nums.length === 0) {
return 0;
}
let slow = 0;
for (let fast = 1; fast < nums.length; fast++) {
if (nums[fast] !== nums[slow]) {
slow++;
nums[slow] = nums[fast];
}
}
return slow + 1;
}
// 示例用法
const nums = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5];
const length = removeDuplicates(nums);
console.log("去重后的数组:", nums.slice(0, length));
console.log("数组长度:", length);
利用对象的 key 唯一
function fn(arr) {
let obj = {};
let newArr = [];
arr.forEach(item => {
if (!obj[item]) {
obj[item] = true;
newArr.push(item);
}
})
return newArr;
}
Array.filter + Array.indexOf
let newArr = arr.filter((item, index) => arr.indexOf(item) === index);
Array.reduce + Array.includes
let newArr = arr.reduce((accu, cur) => {
return accu.includes(cur) ? accu : accu.concat(cur); // 1. 拼接方法
// return accu.includes(cur) ? accu : [...accu, cur]; // 2. 扩展运算
}, []);
for循环 + Array.includes
let newArr = []
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (!newArr.includes(arr[i])) newArr.push(arr[i])
}
//等同于 forEach 写法
arr.forEach( item => !newArr.includes(item) ? newArr.push(item) : '')
new Set + 扩展运算符 || Array.from
let newArr = [...new Set(arr)]; // [1, 2, 4, null, "3", "abc", 3, 5]
let newArr = Array.from(new Set(arr)); // [1, 2, 4, null, "3", "abc", 3, 5]
let newStr = [...new Set('ababbc')].join('') // 'abc'
new Map
let map = new Map();
let newStr = [];
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (!map.has(arr[i])) {
map.set(arr[i], true);
newStr.push(arr[i]);
}
}
判断是否为数组
var a = [];
// 1.基于instanceof
a instanceof Array;
// 2.基于constructor
a.constructor === Array;
// 3.基于Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf
Array.prototype.isPrototypeOf(a);
// 4.基于getPrototypeOf
Object.getPrototypeOf(a) === Array.prototype;
// 5.基于Object.prototype.toString
Object.prototype.toString.apply(a) === ‘[object Array]’;
// 6.ES6 (原理同第五点)
Array.isArray(a); // => true
Array.isArray({0: ‘a’, length: 1}); // => false