设计模式（七）——原型模式

以简历类为例：
一、简历代码初步实现

class Resume{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private String age;
	private String timeArea;
	private String company;
	public Resume(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonalInfo(String sex,String age) {//设置个人信息
		this.sex=sex;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String timeArea,String company) {//设置工作经历
		this.timeArea=timeArea;
		this.company=company;
	}
	public void Display() {
		System.out.println(name+"  "+sex+"  "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+timeArea+"  "+company);
	}
}
public class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=new Resume("大鸟");
		b.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume c=new Resume("大鸟");
		c.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		a.Display();
		b.Display();
		c.Display();
	}
}

此代码几分简历就需要几次实例化，客户端代码较麻烦。

public class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=a;
		Resume c=a;
		a.Display();
		b.Display();
		c.Display();
	}
}

用传引用改进，相当于在b纸张和c纸张上写着简历在a纸张上。
二、原型模式

abstract class Prototype { // 原型类
	private String id;

	public Prototype(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public abstract Prototype Clone();
}

class ConcretePrototype1 extends Prototype {// 具体原型类

	private String id;

	public ConcretePrototype1(String id) {
		super(id);
	}

	@Override
	public Prototype Clone() {
		Prototype prototype = new ConcretePrototype1(id);
		prototype.setId(this.id);
		System.out.println("ConcretePrototype1创建完成");
		return prototype;

	}

}

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConcretePrototype1 p1 = new ConcretePrototype1("I");
		ConcretePrototype1 c1 = (ConcretePrototype1) p1.Clone();
		System.out.println("Cloned:" + c1);
	}
}

用原型模式改进:

class Resume implements Cloneable{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private String age;
	private String timeArea;
	private String company;
	public Resume(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonalInfo(String sex,String age) {//设置个人信息
		this.sex=sex;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String timeArea,String company) {//设置工作经历
		this.timeArea=timeArea;
		this.company=company;
	}
	public void Display() {
		System.out.println(name+"  "+sex+"  "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+timeArea+"  "+company);
	}
	public Resume clone() {
		try {
			return (Resume)super.clone();//调用继承来的父类的clone()方法
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}
public class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "YY企业");
		
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setPersonalInfo("男", "24");
		a.Display();
		b.Display();
		c.Display();
	}
}

实现了clone()方法来克隆.
三、浅复制与深复制
加入了一个工作经历类

//加入一个工作经历类
class WorkExperience{
	private String workDate;
	private String company;
	public String getWorkDate() {
		return workDate;
	}
	public void setWorkDate(String workDate) {
		this.workDate = workDate;
	}
	public String getCompany() {
		return company;
	}
	public void setCompany(String company) {
		this.company = company;
	}
}
class Resume implements Cloneable{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private String age;
	private WorkExperience work=new WorkExperience();
	public Resume(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonalInfo(String sex,String age) {//设置个人信息
		this.sex=sex;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String workDate,String company) {//设置工作经历
		work.setWorkDate(workDate);
		work.setCompany(company);
	}
	public void Display() {
		System.out.println(name+"  "+sex+"  "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+work.getWorkDate()+"  "+work.getCompany());
	}
	public Resume clone() {
		try {
			return (Resume)super.clone();//调用继承来的父类的clone()方法
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}
public class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "YY企业");
		
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2003", "ZZ企业");;
		a.Display();
		b.Display();
		c.Display();
	}
}

运行结果：
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ企业
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ企业
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ企业
三次显示的结果都是最后一次的值。（由于他是浅复制，对引用类型就只复制了引用，对引用的对象还是指向了原来的对象。

简历的深复制实现：

class WorkExperience implements Cloneable{
	private String workDate;
	private String company;
	public String getWorkDate() {
		return workDate;
	}
	public void setWorkDate(String workDate) {
		this.workDate = workDate;
	}
	public String getCompany() {
		return company;
	}
	public void setCompany(String company) {
		this.company = company;
	}
	public WorkExperience clone() {
		try {
			return (WorkExperience)super.clone();//调用继承来的父类的clone()方法
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}
class Resume implements Cloneable{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private String age;
	private WorkExperience work=new WorkExperience();
	public Resume(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	private Resume(WorkExperience work) {//提供clone()方法调用的私有构造函数，以便克隆工作经历的数据
		this.work=(WorkExperience)work.clone();
	}
	public void setPersonalInfo(String sex,String age) {//设置个人信息
		this.sex=sex;
		this.age=age;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String workDate,String company) {//设置工作经历
		work.setWorkDate(workDate);
		work.setCompany(company);
	}
	public void Display() {
		System.out.println(name+"  "+sex+"  "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+work.getWorkDate()+"  "+work.getCompany());
	}
	
	public Resume clone() {
		Resume obj=new Resume(name);
		obj.sex=this.sex;
		obj.age=this.age;
		obj.work=work.clone();
		return obj;
	}
}
public class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonalInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "YY企业");
		
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2003", "ZZ企业");;
		a.Display();
		b.Display();
		c.Display();
	}
}

程序运行结果：
工作经历:1998-2000 XX公司
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2006 YY企业
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ企业