设计模式（十）——享元模式

一、以网站类为例：

class WebSite{  //网站类
	private String name="";
	public WebSite(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public String Use() {
		return "网站分类："+name;
	}
}
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WebSite fx=new WebSite("产品展示");
		System.out.println(fx.Use());
		WebSite fy=new WebSite("产品展示");
		System.out.println(fy.Use());
		WebSite fz=new WebSite("产品展示");
		System.out.println(fz.Use());
		WebSite fl=new WebSite("博客");
		System.out.println(fl.Use());
		WebSite fm=new WebSite("博客");
		System.out.println(fm.Use());
		WebSite fn=new WebSite("博客");
		System.out.println(fn.Use());
	}
}

二、享元模式

1、享元模式：运用共享技术有效的支持大量细粒度的对象。

import java.util.HashMap;
abstract class Flyweight{  //所有具体享元类的超类或接口
	public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
}
class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{ //可共享的Flyweight子类
	
	@Override
	public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("具体Flyweight:"+extrinsicstate);
	}
}
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{ //不需要共享的Flyweight子类

	@Override
	public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("不共享的具体Flyweight:"+extrinsicstate);
	}
	
}
class FlyweightFactory{ //享元工厂，创建并管理Flyweight对象
	private HashMap<String,Flyweight> flyweights=new HashMap<String,Flyweight>();
	public FlyweightFactory() {
		flyweights.put("X", new ConcreteFlyweight());
		flyweights.put("Y", new ConcreteFlyweight());
		flyweights.put("Z", new ConcreteFlyweight());
	}
	public Flyweight GetFlyweight(String key) {
		return flyweights.get(key);
	}
}
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int extrinsicstate=22;
		FlyweightFactory f=new FlyweightFactory();
		Flyweight fx=f.GetFlyweight("X");
		fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		Flyweight fy=f.GetFlyweight("Y");
		fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		Flyweight fz=f.GetFlyweight("Z");
		fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		UnsharedConcreteFlyweight uf=new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
		uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
	}
}

2、网站共享代码

abstract class WebSite{  //网站类
	public abstract void Use();
}
 class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite{
	 private String name="";
	 public ConcreteWebSite(String name) {
		 this.name=name;
	 }
	 public void Use() {
		 System.out.println("网站分类:"+name);
	 }
 }
 class WebSiteFactory{
	 private HashMap<String,WebSite> flyweights=new HashMap<String,WebSite>();
	 public WebSite GetWebSiteCategory(String key) {
		 if(!flyweights.containsKey(key))
			 flyweights.put(key, new ConcreteWebSite(key));
		 return flyweights.get(key);
	 }
	 public int GetWebSiteCount() { //获得网站总分数
		 return flyweights.size();
	 }
 }
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WebSiteFactory f=new WebSiteFactory();
		WebSite fx=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fx.Use();
		WebSite fy=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fy.Use();
		WebSite fz=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fz.Use();
		WebSite fl=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fl.Use();
		WebSite fm=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fm.Use();
		WebSite fn=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fn.Use();
		System.out.println("网站分类总数为:"+f.GetWebSiteCount());
	}
}

3、内部状态与外部状态
不随环境改变而改变的共享部分，可以称为享元对象的内部状态；随环境改变而改变，不可共享的状态即为外部状态。
把参数移到类实例的外面，在方法调用时将它们传递进来，就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。

class User{
	private String name;

	public User(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String Name(){
		return name;
	}
}
abstract class WebSite{  //网站类
	public abstract void Use(User user);
}
 class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite{
	 private String name="";
	 public ConcreteWebSite(String name) {
		 this.name=name;
	 }
	 public void Use(User user) {
		 System.out.println("网站分类:"+name+" 用户:"+user.Name());
	 }
 }
 class WebSiteFactory{
	 private HashMap<String,WebSite> flyweights=new HashMap<String,WebSite>();
	 public WebSite GetWebSiteCategory(String key) {
		 if(!flyweights.containsKey(key))
			 flyweights.put(key, new ConcreteWebSite(key));
		 return flyweights.get(key);
	 }
	 public int GetWebSiteCount() { //获得网站总分数
		 return flyweights.size();
	 }
 }
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WebSiteFactory f=new WebSiteFactory();
		WebSite fx=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fx.Use(new User("小菜"));
		WebSite fy=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fy.Use(new User("大鸟"));
		WebSite fz=f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
		fz.Use(new User("娇娇"));
		WebSite fl=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fl.Use(new User("老顽童"));
		WebSite fm=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fm.Use(new User("桃谷六仙"));
		WebSite fn=f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
		fn.Use(new User("南海鳄神"));
		System.out.println("网站分类总数为:"+f.GetWebSiteCount());
	}
}