简单的装饰器进阶

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-08 18:13:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-08 18:13:38 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44737199/article/details/89439243

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本文探讨了Python中使用装饰器时如何保持被装饰函数的元数据，如名称和文档字符串不变。通过三种方法：手动复制、使用copysrc函数和利用functools.wraps，展示了如何避免装饰器对函数元数据的影响。

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创建一个装饰器,要求打印元数据的DOC和NAME属性

import datetime,time

def loog(fn):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        cc = fn(*args,**kwargs)
        delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
        print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__,delta))
    return wrapper

@loog  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(5,8)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__,add.__doc__))

调用函数进行属性覆盖

import datetime,time,functools

def copysrc(src):
    def _copy(dest):
        dest.__name__ = src.__name__
        dest.__doc__ = src.__doc__
        return dest
    return _copy

def loog(fn):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        cc = fn(*args,**kwargs)
        delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
        print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__,delta))
        copysrc(fn)(wrapper)                                                 #调用函数copysrc进行属性的覆盖
    return wrapper

@loog  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y
add(5, 8)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__,add.__doc__))

装饰器装饰装饰器

import datetime,time,functools

def copysrc(src):
    def _copy(dest):
        dest.__name__ = src.__name__
        dest.__doc__ = src.__doc__
        return dest
    return _copy

def loog(fn):
    @copysrc(fn)  # wrapper = copysrc(fn)(wrapper)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        cc = fn(*args,**kwargs)
        delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
        print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__,delta))
    return wrapper

@loog  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(5,8)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__,add.__doc__))

用functools 模块进行装饰

import datetime,time,functools

# def copysrc(src):
#     def _copy(dest):
#         dest.__name__ = src.__name__
#         dest.__doc__ = src.__doc__
#         return dest
#     return _copy

def loog(fn):
    @functools.wraps(fn) # 等效于 wrapper = copysrc(fn)(wrapper)                          # 调用wraps函数进行装饰
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        """My name is wrapper"""
        print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        cc = fn(*args,**kwargs)
        delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
        print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__,delta))
        return cc
    return wrapper

@loog  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(5,8)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__, add.__doc__))

用functools 模块进行装饰

import datetime,time,functools

# def copysrc(src):
#     def _copy(dest):
#         dest.__name__ = src.__name__
#         dest.__doc__ = src.__doc__
#         return dest
#     return _copy

def test(flag):
    def loog(fn):
        @functools.wraps(fn) # 等效于 wrapper = copysrc(fn)(wrapper)
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            """My name is wrapper"""
            print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
            print("args = {},kwargs = {}".format(args,kwargs))
            start = datetime.datetime.now()
            cc = fn(*args,**kwargs)
            delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
            print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__,delta))
            print("{} too slow".format(fn.__name__) if delta > flag else "{} OK ,is fast".format(fn.__name__))
            return cc
        return wrapper
    return loog

@test(2)  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y,z=2):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(5,8,z=15)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__,add.__doc__))

将功能提取,用做通用函数,方便其他函数调用

import datetime, time, functools

# def copysrc(src):
#     def _copy(dest):
#         dest.__name__ = src.__name__
#         dest.__doc__ = src.__doc__
#         return dest
#     return _copy
def fla(de,f,fla):#将下面一条语句做成函数提取出来,用做通用函数
    return "{} too slow".format(f.__name__) if de > fla else "{} OK ,is fast".format(f.__name__)

def test(flag):
    def loog(fn):
        @functools.wraps(fn) # 等效于 wrapper = copysrc(fn)(wrapper)
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            """My name is wrapper"""
            print("{} program start".format(fn.__name__))
            print("args = {},kwargs = {}".format(args,kwargs))
            start = datetime.datetime.now()
            cc = fn(*args, **kwargs)
            print(cc)
            delta = (datetime.datetime.now()-start).total_seconds()
            print("{} program end it took {} seconds".format(fn.__name__, delta))
            fla(delta, fn, flag)
            return cc
        return wrapper
    return loog

@test(2)  # add = loog(add)
def add(x, y, z=2):
    """I am a function ..."""
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y + z

add(5, 8, z=15)
print("function name is {},function doc is {}".format(add.__name__, add.__doc__))