java.text.SimpleDateFormat类
/*
SimpleDateFormat的使用:SimpleDateFormat对日期Date类的格式化和解析
1.两个操作:
1.1 格式化:日期 --->字符串
1.2 解析:格式化的逆过程,字符串 ---> 日期
2.SimpleDateFormat的实例化
*/
@Test
public void testSimpleDateFormat() throws ParseException {
//实例化SimpleDateFormat:使用默认的构造器
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();
//格式化:日期 --->字符串
Date date = new Date();
System.out.println(date);//Wed Nov 04 20:29:00 CST 2020
String format = sdf.format(date);
System.out.println(format);//2020/11/4 下午8:29
//解析:格式化的逆过程,字符串 ---> 日期
String str = "2020/11/4 下午8:10";
Date date1 = sdf.parse(str);
System.out.println(date1);//Wed Nov 04 20:10:00 CST 2020
//*************按照指定的方式格式化和解析:调用带参的构造器*****************
// SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa");
SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
//格式化
String format1 = sdf1.format(date);
System.out.println(format1);//2020-11-04 08:29:00
//解析:要求字符串必须是符合SimpleDateFormat识别的格式(通过构造器参数体现),
//否则,抛异常
Date date2 = sdf1.parse("2020-02-18 11:48:27");
System.out.println(date2);//Tue Feb 18 11:48:27 CST 2020
}
练习:将字符串"2020-09-08"转换成java.sql.Date
package com.acoffee.java;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 将字符串"2020-09-08"转换成java.sql.Date
* @author acoffee
* @create 2020-09-29 21:07
*/
public class DataTimeTest {
@Test
public void testExer() throws ParseException {
String birth = "2020-09-08";
SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = sdf1.parse(birth);
System.out.println(date);//java.util.Date类 下的date //Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 CST 2020
//java.util.Date类 转化为 java.sql.Date 类
java.sql.Date birthDate = new java.sql.Date(date.getTime());
System.out.println(birthDate);//2020-09-08
}
}
练习二:"三天打渔两天晒网" 1990-01-01 xxxx-xx-xx 打渔?晒网?
举例:2020-09-08 ? 总天数
总天数 % 5 == 1,2,3 : 打渔
总天数 % 5 == 4,0 : 晒网
总天数的计算?
方式一:( date2.getTime() - date1.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24) + 1
方式二:1990-01-01 --> 2019-12-31 + 2020-01-01 -->2020-09-08
Calendar类:
package com.acoffee.java;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author acoffee
* @create 2020-10-02 8:58
*/
public class CalendarTest {
@Test
public void testCalendar(){
//方式一:创建其子类(GregorianCalendar)的对象
//方式二:调用其静态方法getInstance()
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
//2.常用方法
//get()
int days = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(days);//4
System.out.println(calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));//309
//set()
//Calendar可变性
calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR,22);
days = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(days);//22
//add():在现有的基础上加上指定天数
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,3);
days = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(days);//25
//getTime():日历类 → Date
Date date = calendar.getTime();
System.out.println(date);//Sat Jan 25 20:26:32 CST 2020
//setTime():Date → 日历类 然后就可以调几天是这一年的第几天
Date date1 = new Date();
calendar.setTime(date1);
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(days);//25
System.out.println(calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));//309
}
}
JDK8中新时期时间API
@Test
public void testDate(){
//偏移量
Date date1 = new Date(2020 - 1900,9 - 1,8);
System.out.println(date1);//Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 GMT+08:00 2020
}
/*
LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime 的使用
说明:
1.LocalDateTime相较于LocalDate、LocalTime,使用频率要高
2.类似于Calendar
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
//now():获取当前的日期、时间、日期+时间
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(localDate);//2020-11-04
System.out.println(localTime);//20:43:33.175538900
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2020-11-04T20:43:33.175538900
//of():设置指定的年、月、日、时、分、秒。没有偏移量
LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 10, 6, 13, 23, 43);
System.out.println(localDateTime1);//2020-10-06T13:23:43
//getXxx():获取相关的属性
System.out.println(localDateTime.getDayOfMonth());//4
System.out.println(localDateTime.getDayOfWeek());//WEDNESDAY
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMonth());//NOVEMBER
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMonthValue());//11
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMinute());//43
//体现不可变性
//withXxx():设置相关的属性
LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withDayOfMonth(22);
System.out.println(localDate);//2020-11-04
System.out.println(localDate1);//2020-11-22
LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = localDateTime.withHour(4);
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2020-11-04T20:43:33.175538900
System.out.println(localDateTime2);//2020-11-04T04:43:33.175538900
//不可变性
LocalDateTime localDateTime3 = localDateTime.plusMonths(3);
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2020-11-04T20:43:33.175538900
System.out.println(localDateTime3);//2021-02-04T20:43:33.175538900
LocalDateTime localDateTime4 = localDateTime.minusDays(6);
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2020-11-04T20:43:33.175538900
System.out.println(localDateTime4);//2020-10-29T20:43:33.175538900
}
Instant的使用
/**
* Instant的使用
* 类似于java.util.Date类
*/
@Test
public void test2(){
//获取本初子午线对应的标准时间
Instant instant = Instant.now();
System.out.println(instant);//2020-10-02T02:28:41.541Z
//添加时间偏移量
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = instant.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));
System.out.println(offsetDateTime);//2020-10-02T10:28:41.541+08:00
//toEpochMilli():获取自1970年1月1日0时0分0秒(UTC)开始的毫秒数
long milli = instant.toEpochMilli();
System.out.println(milli);//1601605721541
//将毫秒数 → 日期
Instant instant1 = Instant.ofEpochMilli(1601605721541L);
System.out.println(instant1);//2020-10-02T02:28:41.541Z
}
DateTimeFormatter 类
/**
* 方式一:预定义的标准格式。如: ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;ISO_LOCAL_DATE;ISO_LOCAL_TIME
* 方式二:本地化相关的格式。如:ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG)
* 方式三:自定义的格式。如:ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss”)
*/
@Test
public void test3() {
//方式一:预定义的标准格式。如: ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;ISO_LOCAL_DATE;ISO_LOCAL_TIME
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;
//格式化:日期-->字符串
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
String str1 = formatter.format(localDateTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2020-10-03T14:57:20.922
System.out.println(str1);//2020-10-03T14:57:20.922
//解析:字符串 --> 日期
TemporalAccessor parse = formatter.parse("2020-10-03T14:57:20.922");
System.out.println(parse);//{},ISO resolved to 2020-10-03T14:57:20.922
//方式二:本地化相关的格式。如:ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG)
// FormatStyle.LONG/FormatStyle.MEDIUM/FormatStyle.SHORT:适用于:localDateTime
DateTimeFormatter formatter1 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG);
//格式化
String str2 = formatter1.format(localDateTime);
System.out.println(str2);//2020年10月3日 下午03时07分52秒
TemporalAccessor parse1 = formatter1.parse("2020年10月3日 下午03时07分52秒");
System.out.println(parse1);//{},ISO resolved to 2020-10-03T15:07:52
//本地化相关格式。如:ofLocalizedDate()
//FormatStyle.FULL / FormatStyle.LONG / FormatStyle.SHORT:适用于LocalDate
DateTimeFormatter formatter2 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM);
String str3 = formatter2.format(LocalDate.now());
System.out.println(str3);//2020-10-3
DateTimeFormatter formatter3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT);
String str4 = formatter3.format(LocalDate.now());
System.out.println(str4);//20-10-3
//自定义的格式。如:ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss”)
DateTimeFormatter formatter4 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
//格式化
String str5 = formatter4.format(localDateTime.now());
System.out.println(str5);//2020-10-03 03:24:37
//解析
TemporalAccessor accessor = formatter4.parse("2020-10-03 03:24:37");
System.out.println(accessor);//{NanoOfSecond=0, MicroOfSecond=0, HourOfAmPm=3, MinuteOfHour=24, MilliOfSecond=0, SecondOfMinute=37},ISO resolved to 2020-10-03
}
增加及解析
public static void main(String[] args) {
//得到时间
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2021-08-17T10:33:51.020
DateTimeFormatter ofPattern = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss");
String format = localDateTime.format(ofPattern);
System.out.println(format);//2021-08-17 10-33-51
//解析
String localTime = "2021-08-17 10-26-18";
LocalDateTime parseTime = LocalDateTime.parse(localTime,ofPattern);
System.out.println(parseTime); //2021-08-17T10:26:18
//在原有的时间上增加:plusxxx
LocalDateTime plusYears = localDateTime.plusYears(1);
System.out.println(plusYears);//2022-08-17T10:33:51.020
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2021-08-17T10:33:51.020
//将原有的时间改为指定的时间:withxxx
LocalDateTime withYear = localDateTime.withYear(2020);
System.out.println(withYear);//2020-08-17T10:33:51.020
System.out.println(localDateTime);//2021-08-17T10:33:51.020
}
Calendar和LocalDateTime对比
在规定的日期上面加一天
String time = "2021-12-12 12:12:12";
//设置格式
DateTimeFormatter ofPattern = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
//解析
LocalDateTime parseTime = LocalDateTime.parse(time,ofPattern);
//调用增加的方法
LocalDateTime plusDays = parseTime.plusDays(1);
System.out.println(ofPattern.format(plusDays));//2021-12-13 12:12:12
//设置格式
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
//解析字符串为Date类型
Date parse = simpleDateFormat.parse(time);
//new 一个Calendar:因为Date类中没有add方法
Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
//将Date类型转化为Calendar类型
instance.setTime(parse);
//加一天
instance.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,1);
//格式化
String format = simpleDateFormat.format(instance.getTime());
System.out.println(format);//2021-12-13 12:12:12
我们可以看出新的方法比老的方法更加直观,我们推荐使用新的方法
在上面的代码中,如果我们把时间设为2021-12-12,就会报错,报错的原因是因为我们如果只解析日期的就不能用LocalDateTime去解析,只能用LocalDate去解析,解析时间只能用LocalTime
导入Moudles
现将你要导入的Moudles放入指定的位置,然后打开idea可以发现此时的你要导入的moudels是非黑体的
在工具栏中点击Project Structure
点击“+”号,然后选择import Moudle,找到你要导入moudle的文件夹,然后点击ok
然后根据提示选择就可以。
Java比较器
方式一:Comparable接口的实现
Goods类:
package com.acoffee.java;
/**
* @author acoffee
* @create 2020-10-03 16:53
*/
public class Goods implements Comparable{
private String name;
private double price;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Goods(String name, double price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
public Goods() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Goods{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
//指明商品比较大小的方式:按照价格从低到高排序
@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
if(o instanceof Goods){
Goods goods = (Goods)o;
//方式一
if(this.price > goods.price){
return 1;
}else if(this.price < goods.price){
return -1;
}else{
//return 0;
//如果价格一样,我们可以在通过产品名称从低到高来比较
return this.name.compareTo(goods.name);
//从高到低来排序
//return -this.name.compareTo(goods.name);
}
//方式二
//return Double.compare(this.price,goods.price);
}
//return 0;
throw new RuntimeException("传入的数据类型不一致");
}
}
CompareTest类:
public class CompareTest {
//Comparable接口的使用举例: 自然排序
//1.像String、包装类等实现了Copmarable接口,重写了compareTo(obj)方法,
// 给出了比较两个对象的大小的方式
// 像String、包装类重写compareTo()方法以后进行了从小到大的排列
//2.重写compateTo()方法的规则:
// 如果当前对象this大 于形参对象obj,则返回正整数,
// 如果当前对象this小于形参对象obj,则返回 负整数,
// 如果当前对象this等于形参对象obj,则返回零。
//3.对于自定义类来说,如果需要排序,我们可以让自定义类实现Comparable
// 接口,重写compareTo(obj)方法在compareTo(obj)方法中指明如何排序
@Test
public void test1(){
String[] arr = new String[]{"AA","SS","GG","RR","BB"};
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));//[AA, BB, GG, RR, SS]
}
@Test
public void test2(){
Goods[] arr = new Goods[5];
arr[0] = new Goods("LenovoMouse",34);
arr[1] = new Goods("DellMouse",32);
arr[2] = new Goods("miMouse",43);
arr[3] = new Goods("HuaWeiMouse",65);
arr[4] = new Goods("HpMouse",65);
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}
}
方式二:定制排序:java.util.Comparator接口
@Test
public void test3() {
String[] arr = new String[]{"AA", "SS", "GG", "RR", "BB"};
Arrays.sort(arr, new Comparator() {
//按照字符串从大到小的顺序排列
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
if (o1 instanceof String && o2 instanceof String) {
String s1 = (String)o1;
String s2 = (String)o2;
return -s1.compareTo(s2);
}
//return 0;
throw new RuntimeException("输入的数据类型不一致");
}
});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));//[SS, RR, GG, BB, AA]
}
Goods类:
package com.acoffee.java;
/**
* @author acoffee
* @create 2020-10-03 16:53
*/
public class Goods implements Comparable{
private String name;
private double price;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Goods(String name, double price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
public Goods() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Goods{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
//指明商品比较大小的方式:按照价格从低到高排序
@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
if(o instanceof Goods){
Goods goods = (Goods)o;
//方式一
if(this.price > goods.price){
return 1;
}else if(this.price < goods.price){
return -1;
}else{
//return 0;
//如果价格一样,我们可以在通过产品名称从低到高来比较
return this.name.compareTo(goods.name);
//从高到低来排序
//return -this.name.compareTo(goods.name);
}
//方式二
//return Double.compare(this.price,goods.price);
}
//return 0;
throw new RuntimeException("传入的数据类型不一致");
}
}
compareTest类:
@Test
public void test2() {
Goods[] arr = new Goods[5];
arr[0] = new Goods("LenovoMouse", 34);
arr[1] = new Goods("DellMouse", 32);
arr[2] = new Goods("miMouse", 43);
arr[3] = new Goods("HuaWeiMouse", 65);
arr[4] = new Goods("HpMouse", 65);
Arrays.sort(arr, new Comparator() {
指明商品比较大小的方式:按照产品名称从低到高排序,再按照价格从高到低排序
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
if (o1 instanceof Goods && o2 instanceof Goods){
Goods g1 = (Goods)o1;
Goods g2 = (Goods)o2;
if (g1.getName().equals(g2.getName())){
return -Double.compare(g1.getPrice(),g2.getPrice());
}else{
return g1.getName().compareTo(g2.getName());
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("输入数据类型不一致");
}
});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));//[Goods{name='DellMouse', price=32.0},
// Goods{name='HpMouse', price=65.0}, Goods{name='HuaWeiMouse', price=65.0},
// Goods{name='LenovoMouse', price=34.0}, Goods{name='miMouse', price=43.0}]
}
Comparable接口与Comparator的使用的对比:
Comparable接口的方式一旦一定,保证Comparable接口实现类的对象在任何位置都可以比较大小。
Comparator接口属于临时性的比较
System类(系统类)
public class OtherClassTest {
@Test
public void test1(){
String javaVersion = System.getProperty("java.version");
System.out.println("java的version:" + javaVersion);
String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");
System.out.println("java的home:" + javaHome);
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
System.out.println("os的name:" + osName);
String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
System.out.println("os的version:" + osVersion);
String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
System.out.println("user的name:" + userName);
String userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
System.out.println("user的home:" + userHome);
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("user的dir:" + userDir);
}
执行结果:
Math类
BigInteger与BigDecimal
BigInteger类
BigDecimal类
每日一练:
1.将字符串”2017-08-16”转换为对应的java.sql.Date类的对象。
(使用JDK8之前或JDK8中的API皆可)
package com.acoffee.java;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 将字符串"2020-09-08"转换成java.sql.Date
* @author acoffee
* @create 2020-09-29 21:07
*/
public class DataTimeTest {
@Test
public void testExer() throws ParseException {
String birth = "2017-08-16";
SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = sdf1.parse(birth);
System.out.println(date);//java.util.Date类 下的date
//java.util.Date类 转化为 java.sql.Date 类
java.sql.Date birthDate = new java.sql.Date(date.getTime());
System.out.println(birthDate);
}
}
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd”);
解析:java.util.Date date = sdf.parse(“2017-08-16”);
DateTimeFormatter dtf= DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd”);
new + 构造器
单例、Calendar.getInstance()
2.解释何为编码?解码? 何为日期时间的格式化?解析?
编码:字符串 》 字节
解码:字节 》字符串
格式化:日期 》字符串
解析:字符串 》日期
3. 自定义Person类如下,如何实现自然排序(按姓名从小到大排序),代码说明
class Person implements Comparable{
private String name;
private int age;
public int compareTo(Object obj){
//… this.name.compareTo(s.name);
}
}
4. 提供定制排序涉及到的接口的实现类对象,并按Person类的年龄从大到小排序
Comparator com = new Comparator(){
public int compare(Object obj1,Object obj2){
if(){
}
}
};
5. JDK 8之前和JDK8中日期、时间相关的类分别有哪些?
java.util.Date 和 java.sql.Date Instant
SimpleDateFormat DateTimeFormatter
Calendar LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime