定义
命名空间:
程序集:
System.Collections.dll
Source:
表示可通过索引访问的对象的强类型列表。 提供用于对列表进行搜索、排序和操作的方法。
C#复制
public class List<T> : System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IList<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<T>, System.Collections.IList类型参数
T
列表中元素的类型。
继承
List<T>
派生
System.Data.Services.ExpandSegmentCollection
System.Workflow.Activities.OperationParameterInfoCollection
System.Workflow.Activities.WorkflowRoleCollection
System.Workflow.ComponentModel.ActivityCollection
System.Workflow.ComponentModel.Design.ActivityDesignerGlyphCollection
实现
ICollection<T> IEnumerable<T> IList<T> IReadOnlyCollection<T> IReadOnlyList<T> ICollection IEnumerable IList
注解
有关此 API 的详细信息，请参阅列表<T> 的补充 API 说明。
构造函数
展开表
| List<T>() | 初始化 List<T> 类的新实例，该实例为空并且具有默认初始容量。 |
| List<T>(IEnumerable<T>) | 初始化 List<T> 类的新实例，该实例包含从指定集合复制的元素并且具有足够的容量来容纳所复制的元素。 |
| List<T>(Int32) | 初始化 List<T> 类的新实例，该实例为空并且具有指定的初始容量。 |
属性
展开表
| Capacity | 获取或设置该内部数据结构在不调整大小的情况下能够容纳的元素总数。 |
| Count | 获取 List<T> 中包含的元素数。 |
| Item[Int32] | 获取或设置指定索引处的元素。 |
替换matrics
import math
import warnings
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import torch
from utils import TryExcept, threaded
def fitness(x):
# Model fitness as a weighted combination of metrics
w = [0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.9] # weights for [P, R, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95]
return (x[:, :4] * w).sum(1)
def smooth(y, f=0.05):
# Box filter of fraction f
nf = round(len(y) * f * 2) // 2 + 1 # number of filter elements (must be odd)
p = np.ones(nf // 2) # ones padding
yp = np.concatenate((p * y[0], y, p * y[-1]), 0) # y padded
return np.convolve(yp, np.ones(nf) / nf, mode='valid') # y-smoothed
def ap_per_class(tp, conf, pred_cls, target_cls, plot=False, save_dir='.', names=(), eps=1e-16, prefix=''):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics.
# Arguments
tp: True positives (nparray, nx1 or nx10).
conf: Objectness value from 0-1 (nparray).
pred_cls: Predicted object classes (nparray).
target_cls: True object classes (nparray).
plot: Plot precision-recall curve at mAP@0.5
save_dir: Plot save directory
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Sort by objectness
i = np.argsort(-conf)
tp, conf, pred_cls = tp[i], conf[i], pred_cls[i]
# Find unique classes
unique_classes, nt = np.unique(target_cls, return_counts=True)
nc = unique_classes.shape[0] # number of classes, number of detections
# Create Precision-Recall curve and compute AP for each class
px, py = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000), [] # for plotting
ap, p, r = np.zeros((nc, tp.shape[1])), np.zeros((nc, 1000)), np.zeros((nc, 1000))
for ci, c in enumerate(unique_classes):
i = pred_cls == c
n_l = nt[ci] # number of labels
n_p = i.sum() # number of predictions
if n_p == 0 or n_l == 0:
continue
# Accumulate FPs and TPs
fpc = (1 - tp[i]).cumsum(0)
tpc = tp[i].cumsum(0)
# Recall
recall = tpc / (n_l + eps) # recall curve
r[ci] = np.interp(-px, -conf[i], recall[:, 0], left=0) # negative x, xp because xp decreases
# Precision
precision = tpc / (tpc + fpc) # precision curve
p[ci] = np.interp(-px, -conf[i], precision[:, 0], left=1) # p at pr_score
# AP from recall-precision curve
for j in range(tp.shape[1]):
ap[ci, j], mpre, mrec = compute_ap(recall[:, j], precision[:, j])
if plot and j == 0:
py.append(np.interp(px, mrec, mpre)) # precision at mAP@0.5
# Compute F1 (harmonic mean of precision and recall)
f1 = 2 * p * r / (p + r + eps)
names = [v for k, v in names.items() if k in unique_classes] # list: only classes that have data
names = dict(enumerate(names)) # to dict
if plot:
plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, Path(save_dir) / f'{prefix}PR_curve.png', names)
plot_mc_curve(px, f1, Path(save_dir) / f'{prefix}F1_curve.png', names, ylabel='F1')
plot_mc_curve(px, p, Path(save_dir) / f'{prefix}P_curve.png', names, ylabel='Precision')
plot_mc_curve(px, r, Path(save_dir) / f'{prefix}R_curve.png', names, ylabel='Recall')
i = smooth(f1.mean(0), 0.1).argmax() # max F1 index
p, r, f1 = p[:, i], r[:, i], f1[:, i]
tp = (r * nt).round() # true positives
fp = (tp / (p + eps) - tp).round() # false positives
return tp, fp, p, r, f1, ap, unique_classes.astype(int)
def compute_ap(recall, precision):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves
# Arguments
recall: The recall curve (list)
precision: The precision curve (list)
# Returns
Average precision, precision curve, recall curve
"""
# Append sentinel values to beginning and end
mrec = np.concatenate(([0.0], recall, [1.0]))
mpre = np.concatenate(([1.0], precision, [0.0]))
# Compute the precision envelope
mpre = np.flip(np.maximum.accumulate(np.flip(mpre)))
# Integrate area under curve
method = 'interp' # methods: 'continuous', 'interp'
if method == 'interp':
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 101) # 101-point interp (COCO)
ap = np.trapz(np.interp(x, mrec, mpre), x) # integrate
else: # 'continuous'
i = np.where(mrec[1:] != mrec[:-1])[0] # points where x axis (recall) changes
ap = np.sum((mrec[i + 1] - mrec[i]) * mpre[i + 1]) # area under curve
return ap, mpre, mrec
class AUROC:
""" Compute the auroc scores, given the auc for each class.
"""
def __init__(self, nc, conf=0.25, iou_thres=0.45):
"""
different thresholds (like prediction confidence, Iou) will have a great impact on the results of AUC.
Default: conf=0.25, iou_thres=0.45
"""
self.auc_scores = np.zeros(nc) # Store the AUROC score for each cls
self.nc = nc # number of cls
self.conf = conf # confidence threshold
self.iou_thres = iou_thres # IoU threshold
self.pred = [[] for _ in range(nc)] # list to store model predictions for each class
self.true = [[] for _ in range(nc)] # list to store ground truth labels for each class
try:
import subprocess
subprocess.check_call(['pip', 'install', 'scikit-learn'])
#subprocess.check_call(['pip', 'install', 'plotly', 'kaleido'])
print("Packages installed successfully.")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print("Failed to install packages:", e)
def process_batch(self, detections, labels):
"""
Return /
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
detections (Array[N, 6]), x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, class
labels (Array[M, 5]), class, x1, y1, x2, y2
Returns:
None, updates pred[list] and true[list] accordingly
"""
if detections is None:
# If there is no prediction result, all ground truths are considered to be negative samples,
# Ignored during calculating auc
return
t = 0
detections = detections[detections[:, 4] > self.conf]
# Filter out prediction db boxes with low confidence (similar to nms)
gt_classes = labels[:, 0].int() # All gt box categories (int) cls, may be repeated
detection_classes = detections[:, 5].int() # All pred box cls (int) categories, may repeat positive + negative
iou = box_iou(labels[:, 1:], detections[:, :4]) # # Find the iou of all gt boxes and all pred boxes
x = torch.where(iou > self.iou_thres) # Filtered by iou threshold
if x[0].shape[0]: # When have iou > iou threshold
matches = torch.cat((torch.stack(x, 1), iou[x[0], x[1]][:, None]), 1).cpu().numpy()
# cat gt_index+pred_index+iou
if x[0].shape[0] > 1:
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 1], return_index=True)[1]]
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 0], return_index=True)[1]]
# finally get the one with the largest iou of each db pred and all db gt (greater than the iou_thres)
# Each db gt will only correspond to the only one db pred. The filtered preds are all positive samples _> (tp or fp)
else:
matches = np.zeros((0, 3))
n = matches.shape[0] > 0
m0, m1, _ = matches.transpose().astype(int)
for class_id in range(self.nc):
for i, gc in enumerate(gt_classes):
if gc == class_id:
j = m0 == i
if n and sum(j) == 1:
if detection_classes[m1[j]] == gc:
# same cls -> True Positive
self.pred[class_id].append(detections[m1[j], 4].item()) # save conf
self.true[class_id].append(1) # True Positive set 1
else:
# diff cls -> False Positive
self.pred[class_id].append(detections[m1[j], 4].item()) # save conf
self.true[class_id].append(0) # False Positive set 0
t = t + 1
'''
# Ignored during calculating auc
else:
self.pred[class_id].append(0.0)
self.true[class_id].append(-1)
'''
def out(self):
'''
Computes the AUROC score for each category and returns it.
'''
from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score, roc_curve
auc_scores = np.zeros(self.nc)
fpr_ = [[] for _ in range(self.nc)]
tpr_ = [[] for _ in range(self.nc)]
for class_id in range(self.nc):
labels = self.true[class_id]
preds = self.pred[class_id]
try:
fpr_class, tpr_class, _ = roc_curve(labels, preds)
auc_scores[class_id] = roc_auc_score(labels, preds)
fpr_[class_id] = fpr_class
tpr_[class_id] = tpr_class
except ValueError:
# No pred = set auc to 0
# print('No pred db for cls ' + str(class_id) + ', Set the auc value to 0 ...')
auc_scores[class_id] = 0
return auc_scores, fpr_, tpr_
def plot_polar_chart(self, auc_scores, save_dir='', names=(), threshold=0.5, include_mean=True):
"""
Generate a polar chart for AUC scores using matplotlib.
Includes mean AUC if 'include_mean' is True and classes count is more than 10.
Parameters:
- auc_scores: List of AUC scores.
- names: Class names corresponding to AUC scores.
- save_dir: Directory to save the chart image.
- threshold: Threshold to filter classes by AUC score.
- include_mean: Boolean to include mean AUC in the chart.
"""
# Calculate mean AUC and prepare data
mauc = sum(auc_scores) / len(auc_scores)
auc_scores_name = dict(zip(names, auc_scores))
# Filter and prepare data
if len(auc_scores) > 10:
filtered_scores = {name: score for name, score in auc_scores_name.items() if score > threshold}
else:
filtered_scores = auc_scores_name
if include_mean:
filtered_scores['mAUC'] = mauc
df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(filtered_scores, orient='index', columns=['AUC'])
angles = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, len(df), endpoint=False) # angles for polar plot
# Prepare data for plot
auc_scores_complete = df['AUC'].tolist() + [df['AUC'].iloc[0]]
angles_complete = np.append(angles, angles[0]) # Complete the loop
# Setup polar plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8), subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'})
ax.fill(angles_complete, auc_scores_complete, 'b', alpha=0.3)
ax.plot(angles_complete, auc_scores_complete, 'b')
# Set labels
ax.set_xticks(angles)
ax.set_xticklabels(df.index)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.set_title('AUROC Polar Chart', size=15, color='r', verticalalignment='bottom')
# Save plot
if save_dir:
Path(save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
file_path = Path(save_dir) / 'polar_chart.png'
plt.savefig(file_path, bbox_inches='tight')
print(f"Chart saved to {file_path}")
plt.close(fig)
# def plot_polar_chart(self, auc_scores, save_dir='', names=()):
# '''
# Generate polar_chart for auc scores.
# auc_scores : [dict] auc_scores
# names : [list] cls names
# return None
# save img at Path(save_dir) / 'polar_chart.png'
# '''
# import plotly.graph_objects as go
# mauc = auc_scores.mean()
# auc_scores_name = dict(zip(names, auc_scores))
# # Filter classes if there are more than 10
# if len(auc_scores) > 10:
# # Include only classes with AUC > 0.5 plus the mean AUC
# filtered_scores = {name: score for name, score in auc_scores_name.items() if score > 0.5}
# filtered_scores['mAUC'] = mauc # Adding mean AUC to the filtered results
# else:
# filtered_scores = auc_scores_name
# filtered_scores['mAUC'] = mauc # Include mean AUC in the results
# df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(filtered_scores, orient='index')
# columns = list(df.index)
# fig = go.Figure(
# data=[go.Scatterpolar(r=(df[0] * 100).round(0), fill='toself', name='diseases', theta=columns)],
# layout=go.Layout(
# # title=go.layout.Title(text='Class AUC'),
# polar={
# 'radialaxis': {
# 'range': [0, 100],
# 'tickvals': [0, 25, 50, 75, 100],
# 'ticktext': ['0%', '25%', '50%', '75%', '100%'],
# 'visible': True, }},
# showlegend=True,
# template='plotly_dark',
# ),
# )
# file_name = Path(save_dir) / 'polar_chart.png'
# # fig.write_image(Path(save_dir) / 'polar_chart.png')
# # print('plot_polar_chart DONE')
# try:
# print('start saving')
# fig.write_image(file_name)
# print(f"Saved plot_polar_chart at: {file_name}")
# except Exception as e:
# print(f"Error saving the file: {e}")
def plot_auroc_curve(self, fpr_, tpr_, auc_scores, save_dir='', names=()):
# AUROC curve
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # display per-class show label if < 21 classes
for i in range(len(names)):
ax.plot(fpr_[i], tpr_[i], linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]} {auc_scores[i]:.3f}') # plot(F_PR, T_PR)
else: # display all-class with grey line not show label
for i in range(len(names)):
ax.plot(fpr_[i], tpr_[i], linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(F_PR, T_PR)
ax.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], linestyle='--', color='black', linewidth=1) # diagonal line
ax.set_xlabel('False Positive Rate')
ax.set_ylabel('True Positive Rate')
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc='upper left')
ax.set_title('AUROC Curve')
if save_dir:
save_path = Path(save_dir) / 'auroc_curve.png'
fig.savefig(save_path, dpi=250)
print(f"AUROC curve saved to {save_path}")
plt.close(fig)
class ConfusionMatrix:
# Updated version of https://github.com/kaanakan/object_detection_confusion_matrix
def __init__(self, nc, conf=0.25, iou_thres=0.45):
self.matrix = np.zeros((nc + 1, nc + 1))
self.nc = nc # number of classes
self.conf = conf
self.iou_thres = iou_thres
def process_batch(self, detections, labels):
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
detections (Array[N, 6]), x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, class
labels (Array[M, 5]), class, x1, y1, x2, y2
Returns:
None, updates confusion matrix accordingly
"""
if detections is None:
gt_classes = labels.int()
for gc in gt_classes:
self.matrix[self.nc, gc] += 1 # background FN
return
detections = detections[detections[:, 4] > self.conf]
gt_classes = labels[:, 0].int()
detection_classes = detections[:, 5].int()
iou = box_iou(labels[:, 1:], detections[:, :4])
x = torch.where(iou > self.iou_thres)
if x[0].shape[0]:
matches = torch.cat((torch.stack(x, 1), iou[x[0], x[1]][:, None]), 1).cpu().numpy()
if x[0].shape[0] > 1:
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 1], return_index=True)[1]]
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 0], return_index=True)[1]]
else:
matches = np.zeros((0, 3))
n = matches.shape[0] > 0
m0, m1, _ = matches.transpose().astype(int)
for i, gc in enumerate(gt_classes):
j = m0 == i
if n and sum(j) == 1:
self.matrix[detection_classes[m1[j]], gc] += 1 # correct
else:
self.matrix[self.nc, gc] += 1 # true background
if n:
for i, dc in enumerate(detection_classes):
if not any(m1 == i):
self.matrix[dc, self.nc] += 1 # predicted background
def tp_fp(self):
tp = self.matrix.diagonal() # true positives
fp = self.matrix.sum(1) - tp # false positives
# fn = self.matrix.sum(0) - tp # false negatives (missed detections)
return tp[:-1], fp[:-1] # remove background class
@TryExcept('WARNING ⚠️ ConfusionMatrix plot failure')
def plot(self, normalize=True, save_dir='', names=()):
import seaborn as sn
array = self.matrix / ((self.matrix.sum(0).reshape(1, -1) + 1E-9) if normalize else 1) # normalize columns
array[array < 0.005] = np.nan # don't annotate (would appear as 0.00)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(12, 9), tight_layout=True)
nc, nn = self.nc, len(names) # number of classes, names
sn.set(font_scale=1.0 if nc < 50 else 0.8) # for label size
labels = (0 < nn < 99) and (nn == nc) # apply names to ticklabels
ticklabels = (names + ['background']) if labels else 'auto'
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore') # suppress empty matrix RuntimeWarning: All-NaN slice encountered
sn.heatmap(array,
ax=ax,
annot=nc < 30,
annot_kws={
'size': 8},
cmap='Blues',
fmt='.2f',
square=True,
vmin=0.0,
xticklabels=ticklabels,
yticklabels=ticklabels).set_facecolor((1, 1, 1))
ax.set_xlabel('True')
ax.set_ylabel('Predicted')
ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix')
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'confusion_matrix.png', dpi=250)
plt.close(fig)
def print(self):
for i in range(self.nc + 1):
print(' '.join(map(str, self.matrix[i])))
def bbox_iou(box1, box2, xywh=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False, eps=1e-7):
# Returns Intersection over Union (IoU) of box1(1,4) to box2(n,4)
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
if xywh: # transform from xywh to xyxy
(x1, y1, w1, h1), (x2, y2, w2, h2) = box1.chunk(4, -1), box2.chunk(4, -1)
w1_, h1_, w2_, h2_ = w1 / 2, h1 / 2, w2 / 2, h2 / 2
b1_x1, b1_x2, b1_y1, b1_y2 = x1 - w1_, x1 + w1_, y1 - h1_, y1 + h1_
b2_x1, b2_x2, b2_y1, b2_y2 = x2 - w2_, x2 + w2_, y2 - h2_, y2 + h2_
else: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1.chunk(4, -1)
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2.chunk(4, -1)
w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, (b1_y2 - b1_y1).clamp(eps)
w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, (b2_y2 - b2_y1).clamp(eps)
# Intersection area
inter = (b1_x2.minimum(b2_x2) - b1_x1.maximum(b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \
(b1_y2.minimum(b2_y2) - b1_y1.maximum(b2_y1)).clamp(0)
# Union Area
union = w1 * h1 + w2 * h2 - inter + eps
# IoU
iou = inter / union
if CIoU or DIoU or GIoU:
cw = b1_x2.maximum(b2_x2) - b1_x1.minimum(b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width
ch = b1_y2.maximum(b2_y2) - b1_y1.minimum(b2_y1) # convex height
if CIoU or DIoU: # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1
c2 = cw ** 2 + ch ** 2 + eps # convex diagonal squared
rho2 = ((b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) ** 2 + (b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) ** 2) / 4 # center dist ** 2
if CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47
v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * (torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1)).pow(2)
with torch.no_grad():
alpha = v / (v - iou + (1 + eps))
return iou - (rho2 / c2 + v * alpha) # CIoU
return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU
c_area = cw * ch + eps # convex area
return iou - (c_area - union) / c_area # GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf
return iou # IoU
def box_iou(box1, box2, eps=1e-7):
# https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/ops/boxes.py
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
box1 (Tensor[N, 4])
box2 (Tensor[M, 4])
Returns:
iou (Tensor[N, M]): the NxM matrix containing the pairwise
IoU values for every element in boxes1 and boxes2
"""
# inter(N,M) = (rb(N,M,2) - lt(N,M,2)).clamp(0).prod(2)
(a1, a2), (b1, b2) = box1.unsqueeze(1).chunk(2, 2), box2.unsqueeze(0).chunk(2, 2)
inter = (torch.min(a2, b2) - torch.max(a1, b1)).clamp(0).prod(2)
# IoU = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
return inter / ((a2 - a1).prod(2) + (b2 - b1).prod(2) - inter + eps)
def bbox_ioa(box1, box2, eps=1e-7):
""" Returns the intersection over box2 area given box1, box2. Boxes are x1y1x2y2
box1: np.array of shape(4)
box2: np.array of shape(nx4)
returns: np.array of shape(n)
"""
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2.T
# Intersection area
inter_area = (np.minimum(b1_x2, b2_x2) - np.maximum(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clip(0) * \
(np.minimum(b1_y2, b2_y2) - np.maximum(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clip(0)
# box2 area
box2_area = (b2_x2 - b2_x1) * (b2_y2 - b2_y1) + eps
# Intersection over box2 area
return inter_area / box2_area
def wh_iou(wh1, wh2, eps=1e-7):
# Returns the nxm IoU matrix. wh1 is nx2, wh2 is mx2
wh1 = wh1[:, None] # [N,1,2]
wh2 = wh2[None] # [1,M,2]
inter = torch.min(wh1, wh2).prod(2) # [N,M]
return inter / (wh1.prod(2) + wh2.prod(2) - inter + eps) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
# Plots ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@threaded
def plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, save_dir=Path('pr_curve.png'), names=()):
# Precision-recall curve
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
py = np.stack(py, axis=1)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # display per-class legend if < 21 classes
for i, y in enumerate(py.T):
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]} {ap[i, 0]:.3f}') # plot(recall, precision)
else:
ax.plot(px, py, linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(recall, precision)
ax.plot(px, py.mean(1), linewidth=3, color='blue', label='all classes %.3f mAP@0.5' % ap[:, 0].mean())
ax.set_xlabel('Recall')
ax.set_ylabel('Precision')
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc='upper left')
ax.set_title('Precision-Recall Curve')
fig.savefig(save_dir, dpi=250)
plt.close(fig)
@threaded
def plot_mc_curve(px, py, save_dir=Path('mc_curve.png'), names=(), xlabel='Confidence', ylabel='Metric'):
# Metric-confidence curve
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # display per-class legend if < 21 classes
for i, y in enumerate(py):
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]}') # plot(confidence, metric)
else:
ax.plot(px, py.T, linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(confidence, metric)
y = smooth(py.mean(0), 0.05)
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=3, color='blue', label=f'all classes {y.max():.2f} at {px[y.argmax()]:.3f}')
ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc='upper left')
ax.set_title(f'{ylabel}-Confidence Curve')
fig.savefig(save_dir, dpi=250)
plt.close(fig)替换val
import argparse
import json
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import torch
from tqdm import tqdm
FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
ROOT = FILE.parents[0] # YOLOv5 root directory
if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
sys.path.append(str(ROOT)) # add ROOT to PATH
ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd())) # relative
from models.common import DetectMultiBackend
from utils.callbacks import Callbacks
from utils.dataloaders import create_dataloader
from utils.general import (LOGGER, TQDM_BAR_FORMAT, Profile, check_dataset, check_img_size, check_requirements,
check_yaml, coco80_to_coco91_class, colorstr, increment_path, non_max_suppression,
print_args, scale_boxes, xywh2xyxy, xyxy2xywh)
from utils.metrics import AUROC, ConfusionMatrix, ap_per_class, box_iou
from utils.plots import output_to_target, plot_images, plot_val_study
from utils.torch_utils import select_device, smart_inference_mode
def save_one_txt(predn, save_conf, shape, file):
# Save one txt result
gn = torch.tensor(shape)[[1, 0, 1, 0]] # normalization gain whwh
for *xyxy, conf, cls in predn.tolist():
xywh = (xyxy2xywh(torch.tensor(xyxy).view(1, 4)) / gn).view(-1).tolist() # normalized xywh
line = (cls, *xywh, conf) if save_conf else (cls, *xywh) # label format
with open(file, 'a') as f:
f.write(('%g ' * len(line)).rstrip() % line + '\n')
def save_one_json(predn, jdict, path, class_map):
# Save one JSON result {"image_id": 42, "category_id": 18, "bbox": [258.15, 41.29, 348.26, 243.78], "score": 0.236}
image_id = int(path.stem) if path.stem.isnumeric() else path.stem
box = xyxy2xywh(predn[:, :4]) # xywh
box[:, :2] -= box[:, 2:] / 2 # xy center to top-left corner
for p, b in zip(predn.tolist(), box.tolist()):
jdict.append({
'image_id': image_id,
'category_id': class_map[int(p[5])],
'bbox': [round(x, 3) for x in b],
'score': round(p[4], 5)})
def process_batch(detections, labels, iouv):
"""
Return correct prediction matrix
Arguments:
detections (array[N, 6]), x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, class
labels (array[M, 5]), class, x1, y1, x2, y2
Returns:
correct (array[N, 10]), for 10 IoU levels
"""
correct = np.zeros((detections.shape[0], iouv.shape[0])).astype(bool)
iou = box_iou(labels[:, 1:], detections[:, :4])
correct_class = labels[:, 0:1] == detections[:, 5]
for i in range(len(iouv)):
x = torch.where((iou >= iouv[i]) & correct_class) # IoU > threshold and classes match
if x[0].shape[0]:
matches = torch.cat((torch.stack(x, 1), iou[x[0], x[1]][:, None]), 1).cpu().numpy() # [label, detect, iou]
if x[0].shape[0] > 1:
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 1], return_index=True)[1]]
# matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 0], return_index=True)[1]]
correct[matches[:, 1].astype(int), i] = True
return torch.tensor(correct, dtype=torch.bool, device=iouv.device)
@smart_inference_mode()
def run(
data,
weights=None, # model.pt path(s)
batch_size=32, # batch size
imgsz=640, # inference size (pixels)
conf_thres=0.001, # confidence threshold
iou_thres=0.6, # NMS IoU threshold
max_det=300, # maximum detections per image
task='val', # train, val, test, speed or study
device='', # cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu
workers=8, # max dataloader workers (per RANK in DDP mode)
single_cls=False, # treat as single-class dataset
augment=False, # augmented inference
verbose=False, # verbose output
save_txt=False, # save results to *.txt
save_hybrid=False, # save label+prediction hybrid results to *.txt
save_conf=False, # save confidences in --save-txt labels
save_json=False, # save a COCO-JSON results file
project=ROOT / 'runs/val', # save to project/name
name='exp', # save to project/name
exist_ok=False, # existing project/name ok, do not increment
half=True, # use FP16 half-precision inference
dnn=False, # use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference
model=None,
dataloader=None,
save_dir=Path(''),
plots=True,
callbacks=Callbacks(),
compute_loss=None,
):
# Initialize/load model and set device
training = model is not None
if training: # called by train.py
device, pt, jit, engine = next(model.parameters()).device, True, False, False # get model device, PyTorch model
half &= device.type != 'cpu' # half precision only supported on CUDA
model.half() if half else model.float()
else: # called directly
device = select_device(device, batch_size=batch_size)
# Directories
save_dir = increment_path(Path(project) / name, exist_ok=exist_ok) # increment run
(save_dir / 'labels' if save_txt else save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir
# Load model
model = DetectMultiBackend(weights, device=device, dnn=dnn, data=data, fp16=half)
stride, pt, jit, engine = model.stride, model.pt, model.jit, model.engine
imgsz = check_img_size(imgsz, s=stride) # check image size
half = model.fp16 # FP16 supported on limited backends with CUDA
if engine:
batch_size = model.batch_size
else:
device = model.device
if not (pt or jit):
batch_size = 1 # export.py models default to batch-size 1
LOGGER.info(f'Forcing --batch-size 1 square inference (1,3,{imgsz},{imgsz}) for non-PyTorch models')
# Data
data = check_dataset(data) # check
# Configure
model.eval()
cuda = device.type != 'cpu'
is_coco = isinstance(data.get('val'), str) and data['val'].endswith(f'coco{os.sep}val2017.txt') # COCO dataset
nc = 1 if single_cls else int(data['nc']) # number of classes
iouv = torch.linspace(0.5, 0.95, 10, device=device) # iou vector for mAP@0.5:0.95
niou = iouv.numel()
# Dataloader
if not training:
if pt and not single_cls: # check --weights are trained on --data
ncm = model.model.nc
assert ncm == nc, f'{weights} ({ncm} classes) trained on different --data than what you passed ({nc} ' \
f'classes). Pass correct combination of --weights and --data that are trained together.'
model.warmup(imgsz=(1 if pt else batch_size, 3, imgsz, imgsz)) # warmup
pad, rect = (0.0, False) if task == 'speed' else (0.5, pt) # square inference for benchmarks
task = task if task in ('train', 'val', 'test') else 'val' # path to train/val/test images
dataloader = create_dataloader(data[task],
imgsz,
batch_size,
stride,
single_cls,
pad=pad,
rect=rect,
workers=workers,
prefix=colorstr(f'{task}: '))[0]
seen = 0
confusion_matrix = ConfusionMatrix(nc=nc)
aucroc = AUROC(nc=nc)
names = model.names if hasattr(model, 'names') else model.module.names # get class names
if isinstance(names, (list, tuple)): # old format
names = dict(enumerate(names))
class_map = coco80_to_coco91_class() if is_coco else list(range(1000))
s = ('%22s' + '%11s' * 7) % ('Class', 'Images', 'Instances', 'P', 'R', 'mAP50', 'mAP50-95', 'mAUC')
tp, fp, p, r, f1, mp, mr, map50, ap50, map, mauc = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
dt = Profile(), Profile(), Profile() # profiling times
loss = torch.zeros(3, device=device)
jdict, stats, ap, ap_class = [], [], [], []
callbacks.run('on_val_start')
pbar = tqdm(dataloader, desc=s, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT) # progress bar
for batch_i, (im, targets, paths, shapes) in enumerate(pbar):
callbacks.run('on_val_batch_start')
with dt[0]:
if cuda:
im = im.to(device, non_blocking=True)
targets = targets.to(device)
im = im.half() if half else im.float() # uint8 to fp16/32
im /= 255 # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
nb, _, height, width = im.shape # batch size, channels, height, width
# Inference
with dt[1]:
preds, train_out = model(im) if compute_loss else (model(im, augment=augment), None)
# Loss
if compute_loss:
loss += compute_loss(train_out, targets)[1] # box, obj, cls
# NMS
targets[:, 2:] *= torch.tensor((width, height, width, height), device=device) # to pixels
lb = [targets[targets[:, 0] == i, 1:] for i in range(nb)] if save_hybrid else [] # for autolabelling
with dt[2]:
preds = non_max_suppression(preds,
conf_thres,
iou_thres,
labels=lb,
multi_label=True,
agnostic=single_cls,
max_det=max_det)
# Metrics
for si, pred in enumerate(preds):
labels = targets[targets[:, 0] == si, 1:]
nl, npr = labels.shape[0], pred.shape[0] # number of labels, predictions
path, shape = Path(paths[si]), shapes[si][0]
correct = torch.zeros(npr, niou, dtype=torch.bool, device=device) # init
seen += 1
if npr == 0:
if nl:
stats.append((correct, *torch.zeros((2, 0), device=device), labels[:, 0]))
if plots:
confusion_matrix.process_batch(detections=None, labels=labels[:, 0])
continue
# Predictions
if single_cls:
pred[:, 5] = 0
predn = pred.clone()
scale_boxes(im[si].shape[1:], predn[:, :4], shape, shapes[si][1]) # native-space pred
# Evaluate
if nl:
tbox = xywh2xyxy(labels[:, 1:5]) # target boxes
scale_boxes(im[si].shape[1:], tbox, shape, shapes[si][1]) # native-space labels
labelsn = torch.cat((labels[:, 0:1], tbox), 1) # native-space labels
correct = process_batch(predn, labelsn, iouv)
aucroc.process_batch(predn, labels=labelsn)
if plots:
confusion_matrix.process_batch(predn, labelsn)
stats.append((correct, pred[:, 4], pred[:, 5], labels[:, 0])) # (correct, conf, pcls, tcls)
# Save/log
if save_txt:
save_one_txt(predn, save_conf, shape, file=save_dir / 'labels' / f'{path.stem}.txt')
if save_json:
save_one_json(predn, jdict, path, class_map) # append to COCO-JSON dictionary
callbacks.run('on_val_image_end', pred, predn, path, names, im[si])
# Plot images
if plots and batch_i < 3:
plot_images(im, targets, paths, save_dir / f'val_batch{batch_i}_labels.jpg', names) # labels
plot_images(im, output_to_target(preds), paths, save_dir / f'val_batch{batch_i}_pred.jpg', names) # pred
callbacks.run('on_val_batch_end', batch_i, im, targets, paths, shapes, preds)
# Compute AUC
auc_scores, fpr_, tpr_ = aucroc.out()
mauc = auc_scores.mean()
new_name = ['AUC/' + i for i in names.values()]
auc_scores_name = dict(zip(new_name, auc_scores))
auc_scores_name['AUC/mAUC'] = mauc
# Compute metrics
stats = [torch.cat(x, 0).cpu().numpy() for x in zip(*stats)] # to numpy
if len(stats) and stats[0].any():
tp, fp, p, r, f1, ap, ap_class = ap_per_class(*stats, plot=plots, save_dir=save_dir, names=names)
ap50, ap = ap[:, 0], ap.mean(1) # AP@0.5, AP@0.5:0.95
mp, mr, map50, map = p.mean(), r.mean(), ap50.mean(), ap.mean()
nt = np.bincount(stats[3].astype(int), minlength=nc) # number of targets per class
# Print results
pf = '%22s' + '%11i' * 2 + '%11.3g' * 5 # print format
LOGGER.info(pf % ('all', seen, nt.sum(), mp, mr, map50, map, mauc))
if nt.sum() == 0:
LOGGER.warning(f'WARNING ⚠️ no labels found in {task} set, can not compute metrics without labels')
# Print results per class
if (verbose or (nc < 50 and not training)) and nc > 1 and len(stats):
for i, c in enumerate(ap_class):
LOGGER.info(pf % (names[c], seen, nt[c], p[i], r[i], ap50[i], ap[i], auc_scores[i]))
# Print speeds
t = tuple(x.t / seen * 1E3 for x in dt) # speeds per image
if not training:
shape = (batch_size, 3, imgsz, imgsz)
LOGGER.info(f'Speed: %.1fms pre-process, %.1fms inference, %.1fms NMS per image at shape {shape}' % t)
# Plots
if plots:
confusion_matrix.plot(save_dir=save_dir, names=list(names.values()))
aucroc.plot_auroc_curve(fpr_, tpr_, auc_scores, save_dir=save_dir, names=list(names.values()))
aucroc.plot_polar_chart(auc_scores, save_dir=save_dir, names=list(names.values()))
callbacks.run('on_val_end', nt, tp, fp, p, r, f1, ap, ap50, ap_class, confusion_matrix)
# Save JSON
if save_json and len(jdict):
w = Path(weights[0] if isinstance(weights, list) else weights).stem if weights is not None else '' # weights
anno_json = str(Path('../datasets/coco/annotations/instances_val2017.json')) # annotations
if not os.path.exists(anno_json):
anno_json = os.path.join(data['path'], 'annotations', 'instances_val2017.json')
pred_json = str(save_dir / f'{w}_predictions.json') # predictions
LOGGER.info(f'\nEvaluating pycocotools mAP... saving {pred_json}...')
with open(pred_json, 'w') as f:
json.dump(jdict, f)
try: # https://github.com/cocodataset/cocoapi/blob/master/PythonAPI/pycocoEvalDemo.ipynb
check_requirements('pycocotools>=2.0.6')
from pycocotools.coco import COCO
from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
anno = COCO(anno_json) # init annotations api
pred = anno.loadRes(pred_json) # init predictions api
eval = COCOeval(anno, pred, 'bbox')
if is_coco:
eval.params.imgIds = [int(Path(x).stem) for x in dataloader.dataset.im_files] # image IDs to evaluate
eval.evaluate()
eval.accumulate()
eval.summarize()
map, map50 = eval.stats[:2] # update results (mAP@0.5:0.95, mAP@0.5)
except Exception as e:
LOGGER.info(f'pycocotools unable to run: {e}')
# Return results
model.float() # for training
if not training:
s = f"\n{len(list(save_dir.glob('labels/*.txt')))} labels saved to {save_dir / 'labels'}" if save_txt else ''
LOGGER.info(f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}{s}")
maps = np.zeros(nc) + map
for i, c in enumerate(ap_class):
maps[c] = ap[i]
return (mp, mr, map50, map, *(loss.cpu() / len(dataloader)).tolist()), maps, t, auc_scores_name
def parse_opt():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/coco128.yaml', help='dataset.yaml path')
parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default=ROOT / 'yolov5s.pt', help='model path(s)')
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=32, help='batch size')
parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', type=int, default=640, help='inference size (pixels)')
parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.001, help='confidence threshold')
parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.6, help='NMS IoU threshold')
parser.add_argument('--max-det', type=int, default=300, help='maximum detections per image')
parser.add_argument('--task', default='val', help='train, val, test, speed or study')
parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=8, help='max dataloader workers (per RANK in DDP mode)')
parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='treat as single-class dataset')
parser.add_argument('--augment', action='store_true', help='augmented inference')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true', help='report mAP by class')
parser.add_argument('--save-txt', action='store_true', help='save results to *.txt')
parser.add_argument('--save-hybrid', action='store_true', help='save label+prediction hybrid results to *.txt')
parser.add_argument('--save-conf', action='store_true', help='save confidences in --save-txt labels')
parser.add_argument('--save-json', action='store_true', help='save a COCO-JSON results file')
parser.add_argument('--project', default=ROOT / 'runs/val', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
parser.add_argument('--half', action='store_true', help='use FP16 half-precision inference')
parser.add_argument('--dnn', action='store_true', help='use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference')
opt = parser.parse_args()
opt.data = check_yaml(opt.data) # check YAML
opt.save_json |= opt.data.endswith('coco.yaml')
opt.save_txt |= opt.save_hybrid
print_args(vars(opt))
return opt
def main(opt):
check_requirements(ROOT / 'requirements.txt', exclude=('tensorboard', 'thop'))
if opt.task in ('train', 'val', 'test'): # run normally
if opt.conf_thres > 0.001: # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/1466
LOGGER.info(f'WARNING ⚠️ confidence threshold {opt.conf_thres} > 0.001 produces invalid results')
if opt.save_hybrid:
LOGGER.info('WARNING ⚠️ --save-hybrid will return high mAP from hybrid labels, not from predictions alone')
run(**vars(opt))
else:
weights = opt.weights if isinstance(opt.weights, list) else [opt.weights]
opt.half = torch.cuda.is_available() and opt.device != 'cpu' # FP16 for fastest results
if opt.task == 'speed': # speed benchmarks
# python val.py --task speed --data coco.yaml --batch 1 --weights yolov5n.pt yolov5s.pt...
opt.conf_thres, opt.iou_thres, opt.save_json = 0.25, 0.45, False
for opt.weights in weights:
run(**vars(opt), plots=False)
elif opt.task == 'study': # speed vs mAP benchmarks
# python val.py --task study --data coco.yaml --iou 0.7 --weights yolov5n.pt yolov5s.pt...
for opt.weights in weights:
f = f'study_{Path(opt.data).stem}_{Path(opt.weights).stem}.txt' # filename to save to
x, y = list(range(256, 1536 + 128, 128)), [] # x axis (image sizes), y axis
for opt.imgsz in x: # img-size
LOGGER.info(f'\nRunning {f} --imgsz {opt.imgsz}...')
r, _, t = run(**vars(opt), plots=False)
y.append(r + t) # results and times
np.savetxt(f, y, fmt='%10.4g') # save
subprocess.run(['zip', '-r', 'study.zip', 'study_*.txt'])
plot_val_study(x=x) # plot
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f'--task {opt.task} not in ("train", "val", "test", "speed", "study")')
if __name__ == '__main__':
opt = parse_opt()
main(opt)
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