一、Executors提供四种线程池配置方案
1、构造一个固定线程数目的线程池，核心线程数与最大线程数相同，同时使用了一个无界LinkedBlockingQueue存放阻塞任务，因此多余的任务将存在再阻塞队列，不会由RejectedExecutionHandler处理
//固定线程数目的线程池源码
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
//无界LinkedBlockingQueue源码 默认是Integer.MAX_VALUE大小，也可以指定大小
public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.capacity = capacity;
last = head = new Node<E>(null);
}
2、构造一个缓冲功能的线程池，配置核心线程数corePoolSize=0，最大线程数maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，keepAliveTime=60s,以及一个无容量的阻塞队列 SynchronousQueue，因此任务提交之后，将会创建新的线程执行；线程空闲超过60s将会销毁
//缓冲功能的线程池源码
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
3、构造一个只支持一个线程的线程池，配置corePoolSize=maximumPoolSize=1，无界阻塞队列LinkedBlockingQueue；保证任务由一个线程串行执行
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
4、构造有定时功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize，无界延迟阻塞队列DelayedWorkQueue；有意思的是：maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，由于DelayedWorkQueue是无界队列，所以这个值是没有意义的
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
}
注意：阿里巴巴开发手册强调在日常编写代码时不要使用Executors显示的去创建线程池。
二 线程池执行流程
ThreadPoolExecutor最核心的构造方法源码
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, //核心线程数
int maximumPoolSize, //最大线程数
long keepAliveTime, //线程池中超过核心线程数目的空闲线程最大存活时间
TimeUnit unit, //时间单位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,//阻塞任务队列
ThreadFactory threadFactory, //新建线程工厂
RejectedExecutionHandler handler //拒绝策略
//当提交任务数超过最大线程数+队列(maxmumPoolSize+workQueue)之和时，
//任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
null :
AccessController.getContext();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
//四种拒绝策略
RejectedExecutionHandler rejected = null;
rejected = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();//默认，队列满了丢任务抛出异常
rejected = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy();//队列满了丢任务不异常
rejected = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();//将最早进入队列的任务删，之后再尝试加入队列
rejected = new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();//如果添加到线程池失败，那么主线程会自己去执行该任务
自定义线程池和自定义拒绝策略
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class MyThreadPoolExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;
public void init() {
pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
3,
5,
TimeUnit.MINUTES,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5),
new CustomThreadFactory(),
new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
}
public void destory() {
if(pool != null) {
pool.shutdownNow();
}
}
public ExecutorService getMyThreadPoolExecutor() {
return this.pool;
}
/**
* 自定义创建线程工厂
*/
private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
String threadName = MyThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);
//System.out.println(threadName);
t.setName(threadName);
return t;
}
}
/**
* 自定义拒绝策略
*/
private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
try {
// 核心改造点，由blockingqueue的offer改成put阻塞方法
executor.getQueue().put(r);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// 测试构造的线程池
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThreadPoolExecutor exec = new MyThreadPoolExecutor();
// 1.初始化
exec.init();
ExecutorService pool = exec.getMyThreadPoolExecutor();
MyTask task = new MyTask();
for(int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
pool.execute(task);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
// 2.销毁----留点时间给线程池执行,因为任务没有提交执行完,如果销毁线程池,任务也就无法执行了
exec.destory();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MyTask implements Runnable{
public AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("第"+i.getAndIncrement()+"次执行任务");
}
}
执行结果：
//excute执行源码
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
// 进入拒绝机制， 我们把runnable任务拿出来，重新用阻塞操作put，来实现提交阻塞功能
reject(command);
}
阻塞队列常见操作方法：
总结：
1、用ThreadPoolExecutor自定义线程池，看线程是的用途，如果任务量不大，可以用无界队列，如果任务量非常大，要用有界队列，防止OOM
2、如果任务量很大，还要求每个任务都处理成功，要对提交的任务进行阻塞提交，重写拒绝机制，改为阻塞提交。保证不抛弃一个任务
3、最大线程数一般设为2N+1最好，N是CPU核数，可以通过Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();来获取
4、核心线程数，看应用，如果是任务，一天跑一次，设置为0，合适，因为跑完就停掉了，如果是常用线程池，看任务量，是保留一个核心还是几个核心线程数
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