es中相关性和相关性算分（explain，boosting）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 16:05:43 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 16:05:43 发布
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分类专栏： ElasticSearch 文章标签： elasticsearch 大数据 搜索引擎
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通过explain API查看TF-IDF得分：

数据集：使用python生成大量数据写入es数据库并查询操作2_IT之一小佬的博客-CSDN博客_python helpers.bulk

 

在search查询中，explain默认是false。

当explain为false或者不写时，查询条件如下：

GET /personal_info_100000/_search
{
  "explain": false,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "character": "学习"
    }
  }
}

运行结果： 

"hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 10000,
      "relation" : "gte"
    },
    "max_score" : 4.277235,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "personal_info_100000",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "15",
        "_score" : 4.277235,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 15,
          "name" : "刘一",
          "sex" : "男",
          "age" : 25,
          "character" : "肯学习,有问题不逃避,愿意虚心向他人学习",
          "subject" : "生物",
          "grade" : 69,
          "create_time" : "2022-11-01 21:44:12"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "personal_info_100000",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "29",
        "_score" : 4.277235,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 29,
          "name" : "刘一",
          "sex" : "男",
          "age" : 32,
          "character" : "肯学习,有问题不逃避,愿意虚心向他人学习",
          "subject" : "英语",
          "grade" : 85,
          "create_time" : "2022-11-01 21:44:12"
        }
      },
......

当explain为true时，查询条件为：

GET /personal_info_100000/_search
{
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "character": "学习"
    }
  }
}

运行结果：

"hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 10000,
      "relation" : "gte"
    },
    "max_score" : 4.277235,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_shard" : "[personal_info_100000][0]",
        "_node" : "9xCKv5RGRNecuoPworyaUg",
        "_index" : "personal_info_100000",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "15",
        "_score" : 4.277235,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 15,
          "name" : "刘一",
          "sex" : "男",
          "age" : 25,
          "character" : "肯学习,有问题不逃避,愿意虚心向他人学习",
          "subject" : "生物",
          "grade" : 69,
          "create_time" : "2022-11-01 21:44:12"
        },
        "_explanation" : {
          "value" : 4.277235,
          "description" : "sum of:",
          "details" : [
            {
              "value" : 1.6575089,
              "description" : "weight(character:学 in 2) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 1.6575089,
                  "description" : "score(freq=2.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2.2,
                      "description" : "boost",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.1837717,
                      "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 30612,
                          "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 100000,
                          "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.63645136,
                      "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 2.0,
                          "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 1.2,
                          "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 0.75,
                          "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 18.0,
                          "description" : "dl, length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 19.23022,
                          "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "value" : 2.6197262,
              "description" : "weight(character:习 in 2) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 2.6197262,
                  "description" : "score(freq=2.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2.2,
                      "description" : "boost",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.870975,
                      "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 15397,
                          "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 100000,
                          "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.63645136,
                      "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 2.0,
                          "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 1.2,
                          "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 0.75,
                          "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 18.0,
                          "description" : "dl, length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 19.23022,
                          "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_shard" : "[personal_info_100000][0]",
        "_node" : "9xCKv5RGRNecuoPworyaUg",
        "_index" : "personal_info_100000",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "29",
        "_score" : 4.277235,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : 29,
          "name" : "刘一",
          "sex" : "男",
          "age" : 32,
          "character" : "肯学习,有问题不逃避,愿意虚心向他人学习",
          "subject" : "英语",
          "grade" : 85,
          "create_time" : "2022-11-01 21:44:12"
        },
        "_explanation" : {
          "value" : 4.277235,
          "description" : "sum of:",
          "details" : [
            {
              "value" : 1.6575089,
              "description" : "weight(character:学 in 15) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 1.6575089,
                  "description" : "score(freq=2.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2.2,
                      "description" : "boost",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.1837717,
                      "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 30612,
                          "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 100000,
                          "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.63645136,
                      "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 2.0,
                          "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 1.2,
                          "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 0.75,
                          "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 18.0,
                          "description" : "dl, length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 19.23022,
                          "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "value" : 2.6197262,
              "description" : "weight(character:习 in 15) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 2.6197262,
                  "description" : "score(freq=2.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2.2,
                      "description" : "boost",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.870975,
                      "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 15397,
                          "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 100000,
                          "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.63645136,
                      "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                      "details" : [
                        {
                          "value" : 2.0,
                          "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 1.2,
                          "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 0.75,
                          "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 18.0,
                          "description" : "dl, length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        },
                        {
                          "value" : 19.23022,
                          "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                          "details" : [ ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      },
......

使用Kabana批量插入几条数据：

PUT /test_score/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"content": "we use Elasticsearch to power the search"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"content": "we like elasticsearch"}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"content": "Thre scoring of documents is caculated by the scoring formula"}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"content": "you know ,for search"}

当explain为false或者不写时，查询条件如下：

GET /test_score/_search
{
  "explain": false,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "content": "elasticsearch"
    }
  }
}

 运行结果：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.8713851,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.8713851,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we like elasticsearch"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6489038,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we use Elasticsearch to power the search"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

当explain为true时，查询条件为：

GET /test_score/_search
{
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "content": "elasticsearch"
    }
  }
}

运行结果：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.8713851,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_shard" : "[test_score][0]",
        "_node" : "9xCKv5RGRNecuoPworyaUg",
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.8713851,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we like elasticsearch"
        },
        "_explanation" : {
          "value" : 0.8713851,
          "description" : "weight(content:elasticsearch in 1) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
          "details" : [
            {
              "value" : 0.8713851,
              "description" : "score(freq=1.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 2.2,
                  "description" : "boost",
                  "details" : [ ]
                },
                {
                  "value" : 0.6931472,
                  "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2,
                      "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 4,
                      "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "value" : 0.5714286,
                  "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 1.0,
                      "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.2,
                      "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.75,
                      "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 3.0,
                      "description" : "dl, length of field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 6.0,
                      "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_shard" : "[test_score][0]",
        "_node" : "9xCKv5RGRNecuoPworyaUg",
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6489038,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we use Elasticsearch to power the search"
        },
        "_explanation" : {
          "value" : 0.6489038,
          "description" : "weight(content:elasticsearch in 0) [PerFieldSimilarity], result of:",
          "details" : [
            {
              "value" : 0.6489038,
              "description" : "score(freq=1.0), computed as boost * idf * tf from:",
              "details" : [
                {
                  "value" : 2.2,
                  "description" : "boost",
                  "details" : [ ]
                },
                {
                  "value" : 0.6931472,
                  "description" : "idf, computed as log(1 + (N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 2,
                      "description" : "n, number of documents containing term",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 4,
                      "description" : "N, total number of documents with field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "value" : 0.42553192,
                  "description" : "tf, computed as freq / (freq + k1 * (1 - b + b * dl / avgdl)) from:",
                  "details" : [
                    {
                      "value" : 1.0,
                      "description" : "freq, occurrences of term within document",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 1.2,
                      "description" : "k1, term saturation parameter",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 0.75,
                      "description" : "b, length normalization parameter",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 7.0,
                      "description" : "dl, length of field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    },
                    {
                      "value" : 6.0,
                      "description" : "avgdl, average length of field",
                      "details" : [ ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Boosting Relevance 计算相关性

Boosting是控制相关度的一种手段。参数boost的含义:

  • 当boost > 1时，打分的相关度相对性提升
  • 当0 < boost <1时，打分的权重相对性降低
  • 当boost <0时，贡献负分

返回匹配positive查询的文档并降低匹配negative查询的文档相似度分。这样就可以在不排除某些文档的前提下对文档进行查询,搜索结果中存在只不过相似度分数相比正常匹配的要低.

应用场景:希望包含了某项内容的结果不是不出现，而是排序靠后。

查询条件1，negative_boost为0.2：

GET /test_score/_search
{
  "query": {
    "boosting": {
      "positive": {
        "term": {
          "content": {
            "value": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      },
      "negative": {
        "term": {
          "content": {
            "value": "like"
          }
        }
      },
      "negative_boost": 0.2
    }
  }
}

运行结果：

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6489038,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6489038,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we use Elasticsearch to power the search"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.17427702,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we like elasticsearch"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询条件1，negative_boost为0.8：

GET /test_score/_search
{
  "query": {
    "boosting": {
      "positive": {
        "term": {
          "content": {
            "value": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      },
      "negative": {
        "term": {
          "content": {
            "value": "like"
          }
        }
      },
      "negative_boost": 0.8
    }
  }
}

运行结果：

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6971081,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.6971081,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we like elasticsearch"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test_score",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6489038,
        "_source" : {
          "content" : "we use Elasticsearch to power the search"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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了解es搜索过程中的，对判断当前应用场景是否适合使用es来召回相关结果至关重要。本篇博文尝试对es在每一个节点执行搜索时如何计算query和经由倒排索引查询到的对应字段文本之间的相关性得分max_score做简要说明。
elasticsearch es explain 用法，分析得分 score 情况
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有些情况下用 es 搜索不符合自己的预期，可以用 explain 来分析具体的得分情况。
elasticsearch explain详解
MCN的博客
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es默认大多数及常用数据字段类型就是索引的，这也是es职责之所在，但是有时会有部分字段只是做存储，不做检索，这也会提高es性能。将index设置为false，则不索引，即不能对其检索。 属性store默认false，当某个数据字段很大，我们可以指定其它字段store为true，这样就不用从_source中取数据。 store 的意思是，是否在 _source 之外在独立存储一份，这里要说一下 _s
[ElasticSearch] explain使用方式与结果解析
weixin_42484190的博客
04-14 1034
例如上方我们对搜索进行我们搜索"文明"，分词器为strandard,可以看到details将该词分解为'文','明'的两部分评分详情并描述了对其。ElasticSearch根据版本或配置会使用不同的评分方式，所以explain Api的explanation信息公式会有不同；这样对每项的计算都被包含在explain中,可以依据此对评分进行清晰的排查和计算。在此例中,我们可以看weight对应的details即为所的评分的详情信息;而每层对应所需的指标都嵌套在其details属性中;
ES学习记录9.3——请求体搜索(得分说明Explain、版本、索引激励、不及格文档、命名查询、内部命中)
jacksonary的博客
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1. 开启打分说明(Explain)  在搜索时，可以开启评分说明"explain": true，请求响应中每个命中的文档会额外返回一个得分说明字段_explanation，如： curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d' { "explain": true, "query...
MongoDB数据库中索引和explain的使用教程
09-09
主要给大家介绍了关于MongoDB数据库中索引和explain使用的相关资料，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家学习或者使用Mongodb具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面跟着小编来一起学习学习吧。
Mysql中explain的说明
最新发布
06-20
Mysql中explain的说明
mysql中explain用法详解
09-10
MySQL中的`EXPLAIN`命令是数据库管理员和开发者用于分析SQL查询执行计划的重要工具。通过`EXPLAIN`，我们可以了解MySQL如何解析和优化SELECT语句，从而更好地理解查询的执行过程，找出潜在的性能瓶颈，以及如何优化...
ES - 学习
m0_64967823的博客
11-10 2034
10.1 什么是function_score？在使用ES进行全文搜索时，搜索结果默认会以文档的相关度进行排序，而这个 "文档的相关度"，是可以通过 function_score 自己定义的，也就是说我们可以透过使用function_score，来控制 "怎么样的文档相关度更高" 这件事10.2 文档相关度评分默认大概规则1、关键词词频越高，评分越高2、关键词在所有文档中出现的频率越高，评分越低3、搜索的关键词与目标文档中分词匹配个数越多，评分越高4、匹配的字段权重越高，评分越高。
es 查询语句提升权重 - boost 关键词的使用
JineD的博客
10-15 1万+
其他阅读：https://www.elastic.co/guide/cn/elasticsearch/guide/current/query-time-boosting.html 查询时权重提升 https://www.elastic.co/guide/cn/elasticsearch/guide/current/function-score-filters.html过滤集提升权重 当然bool查询不仅限于组合简单的单个词match查询，它可以组合任意其...
Elasticsearch(1) boosting的使用
qq_29312279的博客
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Boosting查询允许您降低与负面查询匹配的文档的相关性评分。
es（八）——Explain Api
qq_41386300的博客
08-01 1935
文档是如何被匹配到的 当 explain 选项加到某一文档上时，它会告诉你为何这个文档会被匹配，以及一个文档为何没有被匹配。 请求路径为 /index/type/id/_explain , 如下所示： 除了上面我们看到的完整描述外，我们还可以看到这样的描述： 也就是说我们的 user_id 过滤子句使该文档不能匹配到。 ...
41.什么是boosting查询？如何进行boosting查询？分数的用途是什么？嘻哈的简写笔记——Elastic Search
嘻哈怪才的博客
12-07 593
首先分数的用途：查询显示先后排序；都能用到这个分数； 关于查询时，分数是如何计算的： ~搜索的关键字在文档中出现的频次越高，分数就越高；(两个关键词肯定比一个关键词高) ~指定的文档内容越短，分数就越高； (也就是关键词占文章内容占比越高，分数越高) ~我们在搜索时，指定的关键字也会被分词，这个被分词的内容，被分词库匹配的个数越多，分数越高；(也就是匹配到的分词个数越多，分数越高) 我们知道使用query查询时，查询结果中会有一个"_score" : 2.540445, 分数；这个分数就是匹配度；也就说明q
ElasticSearch查询DSL之组合查询（bool、boosting、constant_score、dis_max）介绍
阿星的博客
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主要介绍DSL中的组合查询，包括bool查询、boosting查询、constant查询和disjunction查询，并提到了如何通过explain查看dsl的执行计划和算分方法。
【Elasticsearch】打分策略详解与explain手把手计算
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ElasticSearch评分分析 explian 解释和一些查询理解 按照es-ik分析器安装了ik分词器。创建索引：PUT /index_ik_test。索引包含2个字段：content和nick，如下： GET index_ik_test/_mapping { "index_ik_test": { "mappings": { "fulltext": { ...
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