简介
服务降级、服务熔断、服务限流
服务降级
服务熔断
服务限流
案例
构建项目
- 构建 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001 项目
- pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--hystrix-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
- 主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class, args);
}
}
- 创建 service.PaymentService
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class PaymentService {
/**
* 正常访问
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_OK, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈";
}
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
int timeNumber = 3;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_TimeOut, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈~~~" + " 耗时" + timeNumber + "秒钟";
}
}
- 创建 controller.PaymenrController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String payment_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
log.info("***** result: " + result);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String payment_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
log.info("***** result: " + result);
return result;
}
}
- 运行测试,先启动 cloud-eureka-server7001 (这个是服务注册中心服务端),然后启动该项目 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001
7.1 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/1
7.2 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/1
高并发测试
JMeter官网 : https://jmeter.apache.org/index.html
1.测试计划中右键添加-》线程-》线程组(线程组202102,线程数:200,线程数:100,其他参数默认)
2.刚刚新建线程组202102,右键它-》添加-》取样器-》Http请求-》基本 输入http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/31
3.点击绿色三角形图标启动。
原因:
结论:
构建项目80端 cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80
- pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--hystrix-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--一般基础通用配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- appilcation.yml
server:
port: 80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
- 主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class, args);
}
}
- 业务类 service.PaymentHystrixService,PaymentHystrixService是一个接口
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentHystrixService{
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String payment_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String payment_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
- 创建 controller.OrderHystrixController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {
@Resource
private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_OK(id);
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_TimeOut(id);
return result;
}
}
- 运行测试
6.1 正常测试: http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/1
6.2 高并发测试
消费端超时错误:
消费者80被拖慢:
降级容错解决的维度要求
超时导致服务器变慢(转圈) - 超时不再等待
出错(宕机或程序运行出错) - 出错要有兜底
解决:
- 对方服务(8001)超时了,调用者(80)不能一直卡死等待,必须有服务降级。
- 对方服务(8001)down机了,调用者(80)不能一直卡死等待,必须有服务降级。
- 对方服务(8001)OK,调用者(80)自己出故障或有自我要求(自己的等待时间小于服务提供者),自己处理降级。
服务降级的配置
先从 8001 服务提供者找问题
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class PaymentService {
/**
* 正常访问
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_OK, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈";
}
// 兜底的注解,paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler 是兜底的方法名
// 线程名称 execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
// value : 设置超时时间
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "3000")
})
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
int timeNumber = 5;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_TimeOut, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈~~~" + " 耗时" + timeNumber + "秒钟";
}
public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 系统繁忙,请稍后再试, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈";
}
}
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
// @EnableCircuitBreaker 激活 hystrix 的 服务降级方法
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class, args);
}
}
运行检测
从 80 端服务消费者找问题
在 application.yml
server:
port: 80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
# 在 feign 中开启 hystrix
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
在主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
// @EnableHystrix 在 feign 中开启 hystrix 服务降级
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class, args);
}
}
在业务类
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {
@Resource
private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_OK(id);
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1500")
})
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_TimeOut(id);
return result;
}
public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return "我是消费者80,对方支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,o(╥﹏╥)o";
}
}
运行检测结果
目前出现的问题
问题1
目前问题: 每个业务方法对应一个兜底的方法,代码膨胀
解决方法:
- 1:1每个方法配置一个服务降级方法,技术上可以,但是不聪明
- 1:N 除了个别重要核心业务有专属,其它普通的可以通过@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = “”)统一跳转到统一处理结果页面
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = “”) 配置在类上,全局通用
通用的和独享的各自分开,避免了代码膨胀,合理减少了代码量
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")
public class OrderHystrixController {
@Resource
private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_OK(id);
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
// @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
// @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1500")
// })
@HystrixCommand
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentHystrixService.payment_TimeOut(id);
return result;
}
// 下面是全局fallback方法
public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod()
{
return "Global异常处理信息,请稍后再试,/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~";
}
public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return "我是消费者80,对方支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,o(╥﹏╥)o";
}
}
问题2
**目前问题:**服务降级方法和业务逻辑代码混在一起,代码混乱
再看我们的业务类 PaymentController :
- 修改 cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80
PaymentHystrixService 接口
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Component
// fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class 指定为 PaymentFallbackService 类
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT", fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String payment_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String payment_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
PaymentFallbackService 类
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService{
@Override
public String payment_OK(Integer id) {
return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_OK ,o(╥﹏╥)o";
}
@Override
public String payment_TimeOut(Integer id) {
return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_TimeOut ,o(╥﹏╥)o";
}
}
- 在 application.yml 添加以下代码
server:
port: 80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
# 新添加的
# 在 feign 中开启 hystrix
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
- 运行测试
3.1 正常测试访问: http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/1
3.2 将 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001 暂停,再访问: http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/1
服务熔断
实操
- 修改 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001 的 PaymentService
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import cn.hutool.core.util.IdUtil;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class PaymentService {
/**
* 正常访问
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_OK, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈";
}
// 兜底的注解,paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler 是兜底的方法名
// 线程名称 execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
// value : 设置超时时间
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "5000")
})
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
int timeNumber = 3;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " paymentInfo_TimeOut, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈~~~" + " 耗时" + timeNumber + "秒钟";
}
public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
return "线程池: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 8001系统繁忙,请稍后再试, id: " + id + "\t" + "哈哈哈哈";
}
// ===== 服务熔断
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),// 是否开启断路器
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),// 请求次数
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),// 失败率达到多少后跳闸
})
public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
if(id < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
}
// IdUtil.simpleUUID() 等价于 UUID.randomUUID().toString()
String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();
return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号: " + serialNumber;
}
public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return "id 不能负数,请稍后再试,/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~ id: " +id;
}
}
- 修改 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001 的 PaymentController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String payment_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
log.info("***** result: " + result);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String payment_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
log.info("***** result: " + result);
return result;
}
// ====== 服务熔断
@GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
log.info("****result: "+result);
return result;
}
}
- 运行测试
3.1 正确的运行测试: http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/1
3.2 错误的运行测试: http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-1
服务熔断总结
断路器开启或关闭的条件
断路器打开后
All 配置
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod",
groupKey = "strGroupCommand",
commandKey = "strCommand",
threadPoolKey = "strThreadPool",
commandProperties = {
// 设置隔离策略,THREAD 表示线程池 SEMAPHORE:信号池隔离
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.strategy", value = "THREAD"),
// 当隔离策略选择信号池隔离的时候,用来设置信号池的大小(最大并发数)
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", value = "10"),
// 配置命令执行的超时时间
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutinMilliseconds", value = "10"),
// 是否启用超时时间
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.timeout.enabled", value = "true"),
// 执行超时的时候是否中断
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnTimeout", value = "true"),
// 执行被取消的时候是否中断
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnCancel", value = "true"),
// 允许回调方法执行的最大并发数
@HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", value = "10"),
// 服务降级是否启用,是否执行回调函数
@HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.enabled", value = "true"),
// 是否启用断路器
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled", value = "true"),
// 该属性用来设置在滚动时间窗中,断路器熔断的最小请求数。例如,默认该值为 20 的时候,如果滚动时间窗(默认10秒)内仅收到了19个请求, 即使这19个请求都失败了,断路器也不会打开。
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold", value = "20"),
// 该属性用来设置在滚动时间窗中,表示在滚动时间窗中,在请求数量超过 circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold 的情况下,如果错误请求数的百分比超过50, 就把断路器设置为 "打开" 状态,否则就设置为 "关闭" 状态。
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage", value = "50"),
// 该属性用来设置当断路器打开之后的休眠时间窗。 休眠时间窗结束之后,会将断路器置为 "半开" 状态,尝试熔断的请求命令,如果依然失败就将断路器继续设置为 "打开" 状态,如果成功就设置为 "关闭" 状态。
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowinMilliseconds", value = "5000"),
// 断路器强制打开
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.forceOpen", value = "false"),
// 断路器强制关闭
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.forceClosed", value = "false"),
// 滚动时间窗设置,该时间用于断路器判断健康度时需要收集信息的持续时间
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeinMilliseconds", value = "10000"),
// 该属性用来设置滚动时间窗统计指标信息时划分"桶"的数量,断路器在收集指标信息的时候会根据设置的时间窗长度拆分成多个 "桶" 来累计各度量值,每个"桶"记录了一段时间内的采集指标。
// 比如 10 秒内拆分成 10 个"桶"收集这样,所以 timeinMilliseconds 必须能被 numBuckets 整除。否则会抛异常
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.numBuckets", value = "10"),
// 该属性用来设置对命令执行的延迟是否使用百分位数来跟踪和计算。如果设置为 false, 那么所有的概要统计都将返回 -1。
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.enabled", value = "false"),
// 该属性用来设置百分位统计的滚动窗口的持续时间,单位为毫秒。
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.timeInMilliseconds", value = "60000"),
// 该属性用来设置百分位统计滚动窗口中使用 “ 桶 ”的数量。
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.numBuckets", value = "60000"),
// 该属性用来设置在执行过程中每个 “桶” 中保留的最大执行次数。如果在滚动时间窗内发生超过该设定值的执行次数,
// 就从最初的位置开始重写。例如,将该值设置为100, 滚动窗口为10秒,若在10秒内一个 “桶 ”中发生了500次执行,
// 那么该 “桶” 中只保留 最后的100次执行的统计。另外,增加该值的大小将会增加内存量的消耗,并增加排序百分位数所需的计算时间。
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.bucketSize", value = "100"),
// 该属性用来设置采集影响断路器状态的健康快照(请求的成功、 错误百分比)的间隔等待时间。
@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.healthSnapshot.intervalinMilliseconds", value = "500"),
// 是否开启请求缓存
@HystrixProperty(name = "requestCache.enabled", value = "true"),
// HystrixCommand的执行和事件是否打印日志到 HystrixRequestLog 中
@HystrixProperty(name = "requestLog.enabled", value = "true"),
},
threadPoolProperties = {
// 该参数用来设置执行命令线程池的核心线程数,该值也就是命令执行的最大并发量
@HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize", value = "10"),
// 该参数用来设置线程池的最大队列大小。当设置为 -1 时,线程池将使用 SynchronousQueue 实现的队列,否则将使用 LinkedBlockingQueue 实现的队列。
@HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize", value = "-1"),
// 该参数用来为队列设置拒绝阈值。 通过该参数, 即使队列没有达到最大值也能拒绝请求。
// 该参数主要是对 LinkedBlockingQueue 队列的补充,因为 LinkedBlockingQueue 队列不能动态修改它的对象大小,而通过该属性就可以调整拒绝请求的队列大小了。
@HystrixProperty(name = "queueSizeRejectionThreshold", value = "5"),
}
)
public String doSomething() {
...
}
Hystrix 的工作流程
Hystrix图形化Dashboard搭建
概念
搭建项目 cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001 仪表盘
- pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- application.yml
server:
port: 9001
- 主启动类,添加 @EnableHystrixDashboard 注解
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
@SpringBootApplication
// @EnableHystrixDashboard 开启仪表盘注解
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixDashboardMain9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardMain9001.class, args);
}
}
- 所有Provider微服务提供类(8001/8002/8003)都需要监控依赖配置
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 启动 cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001,监控微服务8001,访问: http://localhost:9001/hystrix
Hystrix图形化Dashboard监控实战
- 修改cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001,在主启动类中
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
// @EnableCircuitBreaker 激活 hystrix 的 服务降级方法
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class, args);
}
/**
*此配置是为了服务监控而配置,与服务容错本身无关,springcloud升级后的坑
*ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是"/hystrix.stream",
*只要在自己的项目里配置上下面的servlet就可以了
*否则,Unable to connect to Command Metric Stream 404
*/
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
}
- 监控测试,端口9001检测端口8001
测试地址
-
http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/1
-
http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-1
-
测试通过
-
先访问正确地址,再访问错误地址,再正确地址,会发现图示断路器都是慢慢放开的。