解决线程不安全问题的三种方法

什么是线程不安全

以卖票为例

package demo;

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //线程不安全
        Runnable run = new Ticket();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
    }

    static class Ticket implements Runnable{
        //票数
        private int count = 10;
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(count>0){
                //卖票
                System.out.println("正在准备卖票");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                count--;
                System.out.println("出票成功,余票:"+count);
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果

解决方案一：同步代码块
格式：synchronized(锁对象){
同步代码块
}

package demo;

public class Demo2 {
    /**
     * 同步代码块
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object o = new Object();
        
        Runnable run = new Demo2.Ticket();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
    }

    static class Ticket implements Runnable{
        //票数
        private int count = 10;
        private Object o = new Object();
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true){
                synchronized (o){
                    if(count>0){
                        System.out.println("正在准备卖票");
                        try{
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        count--;
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"出票成功，余票:"+count);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

解决方案二：同步方法
创建一个方法，添加synchronized修饰符

package demo;

public class Demo3 {
    /**
     * 同步方法
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Runnable run = new Ticket();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
    }

    static class Ticket implements Runnable{

        private int count = 10;
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true){
                boolean flag = sale();
                if(!flag){
                    break;
                }
            }

        }

        public synchronized boolean sale(){
            if(count>0){
                System.out.println("正在准备卖票");
                try{
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                count--;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"出票成功，余票"+count);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }


}

解决方案三：显式锁 Lock子类 ReentrantLock();

package demo;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Demo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //线程不安全
        Runnable run = new Ticket();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
        new Thread(run).start();
    }
    static class Ticket implements Runnable{
        //票数
        private int count = 10;
        Lock l = new ReentrantLock();
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true){
                l.lock();
                    if(count>0){
                        System.out.println("正在准备卖票");
                        try{
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        count--;
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"出票成功，余票:"+count);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                l.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}