实现PING功能

实现ping功能 具体细节可以看注释

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 1024

char send_buf[MAX_SIZE];
char recv_buf[MAX_SIZE];
int nsend = 0, nrecv = 0;//计数器
int datalen = 56;
//统计结果
void statistics(int signum)
{
    printf("\n--------PING statistics---------\n");
    printf("%d packets transmitted, %d recevid, %%%d lost\n", nsend, nrecv, (nsend - nrecv) / nsend * 100);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

//校验和算法
int calc_chsum(unsigned short *buf, int len)
{
    int sum = 0, n = len;
    unsigned short answer = 0;
    unsigned short *p = buf;
    //每两个字节相加
    while (n > 1)
    {
        sum += *p++;
        n -= 2;
    }
    //处理数据大小是奇数,在最后一个字节后面补0
    if (n == 1)
    {
        *((unsigned char *)&answer) = *(unsigned char *)p;
        sum += answer;
    }
    //将得到的sum值的高2字节和低2字节相加
    sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
    //处理溢出的情况
    sum += sum >> 16;
    answer = ~sum;
    return answer;
}
int pack(int pack_num)
{
    int packsize;
    struct icmp *icmp;
    struct timeval *tv;
    //封装icmp包头
    icmp = (struct icmp *)send_buf;
    icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
    icmp->icmp_code = 0;
    icmp->icmp_cksum = 0;
    icmp->icmp_id = htons(getpid());
    icmp->icmp_seq = htons(pack_num);
    tv = (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;//时间戳作为数据

    //记录发送时间
    if (gettimeofday(tv, NULL) < 0)
    {
        perror("Fail to gettimeofday");
        return -1;
    }
    packsize = 8 + datalen;//icmp报头8字节
    icmp->icmp_cksum = calc_chsum((unsigned short *)icmp, packsize);//计算校验和
    return packsize;
}
int send_packet(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *paddr)
{
    int packsize;//数据包大小
    //将send_buf填上a
    memset(send_buf, 'a', sizeof(send_buf));

    nsend++;
    //打icmp包
    packsize = pack(nsend);

    if (sendto(sockfd, send_buf, packsize, 0, paddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
    {
        perror("Fail to sendto");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

struct timeval time_sub(struct timeval *tv_send, struct timeval *tv_recv)
{
    struct timeval ts;
    if (tv_recv->tv_usec - tv_send->tv_usec < 0)
    {
        tv_recv->tv_sec--;
        tv_recv->tv_usec += 1000000;
    }
    ts.tv_sec = tv_recv->tv_sec - tv_send->tv_sec;
    ts.tv_usec = tv_recv->tv_usec - tv_send->tv_usec;
    return ts;
}

int unpack(int len, struct timeval *tv_recv, struct sockaddr *paddr, char *ipname)
{
    struct ip *ip;
    struct icmp *icmp;
    struct timeval *tv_send, ts;
    int ip_head_len;
    float rtt;
    ip = (struct ip *)recv_buf;//ip包头
    ip_head_len = ip->ip_hl << 2;//等于ip_hl x 4
    icmp = (struct icmp *)(recv_buf + ip_head_len);//icmp包
    len -= ip_head_len;//icmp包长度
    if (len < 8)
    {
        printf("ICMP packets\'s is less than 8.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    //判断是否全为发送进程,回应icmp包
    if (ntohs(icmp->icmp_id) == getpid() && icmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
    
    {
        nrecv++;
        tv_send = (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
        ts = time_sub(tv_send, tv_recv);
        rtt = ts.tv_sec * 1000 + (float)ts.tv_usec / 1000; //以毫秒为单位
        printf("%d bytes from %s (%s): icmp_seq = %d ttl=%d time=%.3fms.\n", len, ipname, inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)paddr)->sin_addr), ntohs(icmp->icmp_seq), ip->ip_ttl, rtt);
    }
    return 0;
}

int recv_packet(int sockfd, char *ipname)//ipname发送方地址
{
    socklen_t addr_len, n;//接受数据长度
    struct timeval tv;
    struct sockaddr from_addr;//发送方地址
    addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
    if ((n = recvfrom(sockfd, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 0, &from_addr, &addr_len)) < 0)
    {
        perror("Fail to recvfrom");
        return -1;
    }
    if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) < 0)
    {
        perror("Fail to gettimeofdat");
        return -1;
    }
    unpack(n, &tv, &from_addr, ipname);
    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int size = 50 * 1024;
    int sockfd, netaddr;//原始套接字,网络地址
    struct protoent *protocol;//提供协议名字和协议号
    struct hostent *host;
    struct sockaddr_in peer_addr;

    if (argc < 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s ip.\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //获取icmp信息
    if ((protocol = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL)
    {
        perror("Fail to getprotobyname");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    //创建原始套接字
    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, protocol->p_proto)) < 0)//IP层原始套接字 ip包头自动加封
    {
        perror("Fail to socket");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //回收root权限,设置当前用户权限
    setuid(getuid());
    //扩大套接字接受缓冲区到50kb(见size),减少接受缓冲区溢出的可能性
    if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &size, sizeof(size)) < 0)
    {
        perror("Faile to setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //填充对方地址
    bzero(&peer_addr, sizeof(peer_addr));
    peer_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    //判断是主机名还是ip
    //不是ip
    if ((netaddr = inet_addr(argv[1])) == INADDR_NONE)
    {
        if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s unknown host : %s.\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        memcpy((char *)&peer_addr.sin_addr, host->h_addr, host->h_length);
    }
    else
    {
        //ip地址
        peer_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = netaddr;
    }
    //注册信号处理函数
    signal(SIGALRM, statistics);
    signal(SIGINT, statistics);
    alarm(5);
    //打印开始信息
    printf("PING %s(%s) %d bytes of data.\n", argv[1], inet_ntoa(peer_addr.sin_addr), datalen);
    //发送报文和接受报文
    while (1)
    {
        send_packet(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer_addr);
        recv_packet(sockfd, argv[1]);
        //alarm(5);
        sleep(1);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

实现了ping功能,更加细节了解ip icmp包