linux安装mysql5.7步骤及问题解决
linux安装mysql
以下是我在linux上安装mysql5.7版本的步骤以及遇到的一些问题的解决办法
安装步骤
-
如下为mysql下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
-
在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data/mysql
mkdir /software/
mkdir /data/mysql
-
上传mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下
-
对文件进行解压
cd /software/
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
- 更改解压缩后的文件夹名称
mv /software/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz/ /software/mysql
- 创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
- 关联myql用户到mysql用户组中
chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql /data/mysql
- 更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限
chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
- 安装libaio依赖包,后面mysql的安装过程中需要用到这个库
查询是否暗转libaio依赖包
yum search libaio
如果没安装,可以用下面命令安装
yum install libaio
- 初始化mysql命令
cd /software/mysql/bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码,每个人安装生成的临时密码不一样
如果初始化时报错如下:
error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec
是因为libnuma安装的是32位,我们这里需要64位的,执行下面语句就可以解决
yum install numactl.x86_64
执行完后重新初始化mysql命令
-
启动mysql服务
#sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的,因为没有修改mysql的配置文件,报错内容大致如下:
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn’t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe) -
修改Mysql配置文件
#vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
修改前
if test -z “$basedir”
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
if test -z “$datadir”
then
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z “$datadir”
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
修改后
if test -z “$basedir”
then
basedir=/software/mysql
bindir=/software/mysql/bin
if test -z “$datadir”
then
datadir=/data/mysql
fi
sbindir=/software/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z “$datadir”
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
保存退出
#cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
13. 修改my.cnf文件
#vi /etc/my.cnf
将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容
[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
#pipe
#socket=0.0
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#Server Id.
server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
#批量插入数据缓存大小,可以有效提高插入效率,默认为8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#
#include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
保存退出
- 启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
新版本的安装包会报错,错误内容如下:
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/SZY.err’.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).
因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。
解决办法:
方法1、建立软连接
例 #cd /usr/local/mysql
ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld
方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件(有强迫症的同学建议这种,我用的这种)
vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql
保存退出。(可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换)
- 登录mysql
输入临时密码。临时密码就是步骤10中root@localhost:后面的内容 - 修改mysql的登录密码
mysql set password=password(‘root’);
mysql grant all privileges on . to root@’%’ identified by ‘root’;
mysql flush privileges;
- 完成,此时mysql的登录名root 登录密码root
默认密码无法登录解决
如果使用临时密码登录不上。可以尝试修改配置文件,使其无密码登录,步骤如下:
- 修改/etc/my.cnf文件,在最后一行加上 skip-grant-tables #忽略mysql权限问题,直接登陆
- service mysqld stop 关闭mysql服务
- 重启mysql服务 /software/support-files/mysql.server start
- 此时再使用命令 /software/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 进行登录 ,不需要输入密码直接回车
- 然后选择数据库: use mysql;
- update user set authentication_string=password(‘123456’) where user=‘root’ and host=‘localhost’;
这样就可以修改root用户的密码为 123456 - 当再次登录的时候报错:ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. 时,再次修改密码:
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘123456’);
ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
flush privileges;
此时在linux就可以正常操作了 - 但是此时使用windows的navicat登录数据库时,会发现还是无法连接上,需要修改host:
update user set host = ‘%’ where user =‘root’;
flush privileges;
此时就可以使用navicat连接linux的数据库了