HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;
1.获取前端传递的参数:getParameter
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
2.请求转发
//通过请求转发:
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//这里的”/“代表当前web应用,所以不需要写项目名:/request_war
req.getRequestDispatcher( "/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
下面通过一个例子了解一下如何从前端form表单中接收数据并请求转发到另一页面:
首先编写index.jsp首页:设置登录的用户名、密码、爱好并将表单数据以doget方式提供给/login
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: shadowpee
Date: 2020/12/27
Time: 15:47
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div>
<%--这里表单表示的意思是以get方式提交表单,提交到我们的Login请求--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="游戏">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
然后编写LoginServlet类:
package servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(parameterValues));
//通过请求转发:
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//这里的”/“代表当前web应用,所以不需要写项目名:/request_war
req.getRequestDispatcher( "/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
调用getParameter和getParameterValues方法接收从前端index.jsp中传来的数据
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
并将登录结果转发给success.jsp页面
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
req.getRequestDispatcher( "/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
然后编写跳转到的success.jsp页面:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: shadowpee
Date: 2020/12/27
Time: 15:54
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
开启Tomcat,查看界面:
在控制台我们也输出了获取到的username、password和hobbys
这就成功获取了前端传来的信息.