python工具包之计数器(Counter)

from collections import Counter

基类继承自dict, 所有拥有若干的实例方法, 感觉就像是一种新的数据类型, 我想给她起个外号: 字典计数类型

传入的参数:

        >>> c = Counter()                           # a new, empty counter
        >>> c = Counter('gallahad')                 # a new counter from an iterable
        >>> c = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})           # a new counter from a mapping
        >>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2)                   # a new counter from keyword args

2. 初始化一个counter,得到一个counter的实例化对象, counter类的基类为dict, 所以打印实例化对象会得到一个类似dict类型的class

from collections import Counter
c = Counter('abcdeabcdabcaba')  # count elements from a string
b = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})
a = Counter(a=4, b=2)

print(c)
print(b)
print(a)

# 结果
Counter({'a': 5, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'e': 1})
Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})
Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})

3. 实例方法

from collections import Counter
c = Counter('abcdeabcdabcaba')  # count elements from a string
b = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})
a = Counter(a=4, b=2)

# print(c)
# print(b)
# print(a)

# Counter({'a': 5, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'e': 1})
# Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})
# Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})


# d = c.most_common(3)                # three most common elements 三个最常见的元素,如果参数为空, 则全部输出
#[('a', 5), ('b', 4), ('c', 3)]

# d = c.most_common()
#[('a', 5), ('b', 4), ('c', 3), ('d', 2), ('e', 1)]

# d = sorted(c)                       # list all unique elements 列出所有唯一的元素
#['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

# d = sorted(c.elements())      #迭代器遍历元素，每个元素重复其count的次数
# ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'e']

# d = ''.join(sorted(c.elements()))   # list elements with repetitions 包含重复的列表元素
#'aaaaabbbbcccdde'


# d = sum(c.values())                 # total of all counts 所有计数合计
#15

d = c['a']                          # count of letter 'a' 计算元素a出现的次数
#5

for elem in 'shazam':           # update counts from an iterable  更新可迭代对象的计数
    c[elem] += 1                # by adding 1 to each element's count 通过给每个元素的计数加一
d = c['a']                           # now there are seven 'a'
# 7
# 此时的c  Counter({'a': 7, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'e': 1, 's': 1, 'h': 1, 'z': 1, 'm': 1})


del c['b']                      # remove all 'b' 删除元素b
d = c['b']                          # now there are zero 'b'
#0

g = Counter('simsalabim')       # make another counter          新建一个新的额counter
c.update(g)                     # add in the second counter      添加到另外一个counter
d = c['a']                          # now there are nine 'a'        现在我们得到了9个元素a
# 9

# c.clear()                       # empty the counter         清空counter
d = c
# Counter()

# Note:  If a count is set to zero or reduced to zero, it will remain
# in the counter until the entry is deleted or the counter is cleared: 
# 注意:如果一个计数设置为零或减少为零，它将保持不变
# 直到条目被删除或计数器被清除:

c = Counter('aaabbc')
c['b'] -= 2                     # reduce the count of 'b' by two
d = c.most_common()                 # 'b' is still in, but its count is zero 元素b仍然存在, 但是他的计数为0
# [('a', 3), ('c', 1), ('b', 0)]


print(d)