Lamp架构（三）负载均衡之haproxy-----haproxy负载均衡+pcs高可用+fence

前言

负载均衡（Load Balance）：

lvs是工作在四层、仅负责分发请求作用的负载均衡，负载均衡性能最强。Lvs实现负载均衡可结合keepalived进行后端健康检测。

nginx工作在7层，针对http应用做一些策略配置，可以检测后端端口故障，最大的优点是并发量高，且支持二次开发，商用价值高。

haproxy是工作在4/7层，提供高可用性和负载均衡。本文将通过配置haproxy的负载均衡、结合pacemaker实现haproxy双机热备、fence介绍haproxy。haproxy具有健康检测

7层负载平衡是更复杂的负载均衡网络流量的方法是使用第7层（应用层）负载均衡。使用第7层允许负载均衡器根据用户请求的内容将请求转发到不同的后端服务器。这种负载平衡模式允许您在同一域和端口下运行多个Web应用程序服务器。

一、haproxy负载均衡

HAProxy提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代理，支持虚拟主机，它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案。HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。

实验环境：server1为haproxy主机, server2和server3为haproxy后端负载均衡主机

实验步骤：

server1安装 haproxy

[root@server1 ~]# yum install haproxy -y

编写配置文件vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

gloabal是全局，defaluts是4/7层，使用7层，defaluts会覆盖global

# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    #
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2

    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

    # turn on stats unix socket
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
    
    stats uri /status #haproxy 监控页面
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend  main *:80
    #acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
    #acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js

    #iuse_backend static          if url_static
    default_backend             app

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such