二、数据了解与分析

数据探索与分析

一、导入必要的库

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
# import missingno as msno
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

二、读取训练与测试数据

Train_data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv')

Test_data = pd.read_csv('./testA.csv')

查看数据样式

Train_data.head().append(Train_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals	label
0	0	0.9912297987616655,0.9435330436439665,0.764677...	0.0
1	1	0.9714822034884503,0.9289687459588268,0.572932...	0.0
2	2	1.0,0.9591487564065292,0.7013782792997189,0.23...	2.0
3	3	0.9757952826275774,0.9340884687738161,0.659636...	0.0
4	4	0.0,0.055816398940721094,0.26129357194994196,0...	2.0
99995	99995	1.0,0.677705342021188,0.22239242747868546,0.25...	0.0
99996	99996	0.9268571578157265,0.9063471198026871,0.636993...	2.0
99997	99997	0.9258351628306013,0.5873839035878395,0.633226...	3.0
99998	99998	1.0,0.9947621698382489,0.8297017704865509,0.45...	2.0
99999	99999	0.9259994004527861,0.916476635326053,0.4042900...	0.0

Train_data.shape

(100000, 3)

Test_data.head().append(Test_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals
0	100000	0.9915713654170097,1.0,0.6318163407681274,0.13...
1	100001	0.6075533139615096,0.5417083883163654,0.340694...
2	100002	0.9752726292239277,0.6710965234906665,0.686758...
3	100003	0.9956348033996116,0.9170249621481004,0.521096...
4	100004	1.0,0.8879490481178918,0.745564725322326,0.531...
19995	119995	1.0,0.8330283177934747,0.6340472606311671,0.63...
19996	119996	1.0,0.8259705825857048,0.4521053488322387,0.08...
19997	119997	0.951744840752379,0.9162611283848351,0.6675251...
19998	119998	0.9276692903808186,0.6771898159607004,0.242906...
19999	119999	0.6653212231837624,0.527064114047737,0.5166625...

Test_data.shape

(20000, 2)

三、了解数据描述

Train_data.describe()

	id	label
count	100000.000000	100000.000000
mean	49999.500000	0.856960
std	28867.657797	1.217084
min	0.000000	0.000000
25%	24999.750000	0.000000
50%	49999.500000	0.000000
75%	74999.250000	2.000000
max	99999.000000	3.000000

Train_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 100000 entries, 0 to 99999
Data columns (total 3 columns):
id                   100000 non-null int64
heartbeat_signals    100000 non-null object
label                100000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 2.3+ MB

Test_data.describe()

	id
count	20000.000000
mean	109999.500000
std	5773.647028
min	100000.000000
25%	104999.750000
50%	109999.500000
75%	114999.250000
max	119999.000000

Test_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 20000 entries, 0 to 19999
Data columns (total 2 columns):
id                   20000 non-null int64
heartbeat_signals    20000 non-null object
dtypes: int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 312.6+ KB

Train_data.isnull().sum()

id                   0
heartbeat_signals    0
label                0
dtype: int64

 Train_data['label'].value_counts()

0.0    64327
3.0    17912
2.0    14199
1.0     3562
Name: label, dtype: int64

四、画图探索数据

## 1) 总体分布概况（无界约翰逊分布等）
import scipy.stats as st
y = Train_data['label']
plt.figure(1); plt.title('Default')
sns.distplot(y, rug=True, bins=20)
plt.figure(2); plt.title('Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.norm)
plt.figure(3); plt.title('Log Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.lognorm)

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x26849b6c448>

# 2）查看skewness and kurtosis
sns.distplot(Train_data['label']);
print("Skewness: %f" % Train_data['label'].skew())
print("Kurtosis: %f" % Train_data['label'].kurt())

Skewness: 0.871005
Kurtosis: -1.009573

Train_data.skew(), Train_data.kurt()

(id       0.000000
 label    0.871005
 dtype: float64, id      -1.200000
 label   -1.009573
 dtype: float64)

sns.distplot(Train_data.kurt(),color='orange',axlabel ='Kurtness')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2684ad75bc8>

## 3) 查看预测值的具体频数
plt.hist(Train_data['label'], orientation = 'vertical',histtype = 'bar', color ='red')
plt.show()

五、生成数据分析报告

import pandas_profiling

pfr = pandas_profiling.ProfileReport(Train_data)
pfr.to_file("./example.html")