Primitive Roots
Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K
Description
We say that integer x, 0 < x < p, is a primitive root modulo odd prime p if and only if the set { (xi mod p) | 1 <= i <= p-1 } is equal to { 1, …, p-1 }. For example, the consecutive powers of 3 modulo 7 are 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, and thus 3 is a primitive root modulo 7.
Write a program which given any odd prime 3 <= p < 65536 outputs the number of primitive roots modulo p.
Input
Each line of the input contains an odd prime numbers p. Input is terminated by the end-of-file seperator.
Output
For each p, print a single number that gives the number of primitive roots in a single line.
Sample Input
23
31
79
Sample Output
10
8
24
题意:
给出一个数,求出这个数字有多少个原根。
思路:
原根是一种数学符号,设m是正整数,a是整数,若a模m的阶等于φ(m),则称a为模m的一个原根。(其中φ(m)表示m的欧拉函数) [1]
假设一个数g是P的原根,那么g^i mod P的结果两两不同,且有 1<g<P,0<i<P,归根到底就是g^(P-1) = 1 (mod P)当且仅当指数为P-1的时候成立.(这里P是素数)。
简单来说,g^i mod p ≠ g^j mod p (p为素数),其中i≠j且i, j介于1至(p-1)之间,则g为p的原根。 —来自于百度
原根有多少的计算方法是phi(phi§)。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n;
while (scanf("%d", &n) != EOF && n) {
n--;
int res = n;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) res = res / i * (i - 1);
while (n % i == 0) n /= i;
}
if (n > 1) res = res / n * (n - 1);
printf("%d\n", res);
}
return 0;
}