Java IO学习笔记四：Socket基础

安装必要工具：

yum install -y strace lsof pmap tcpdump
准备服务端代码

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**

• BIO Socket Server
  */
  public class SocketServerBIOTest {
  private static final int PORT = 9090;
  private static final int BACK_LOG = 2;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
  ServerSocket server = null;
  try {
  server = new ServerSocket();
  server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT), BACK_LOG);
  System.out.println("server started , port : " + PORT);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  try {
  // 接受客户端连接
  while (true) {
  // 先阻塞，这样客户端暂时无法连接进来
  System.in.read();

           // 这个方法也是阻塞的，如果没有客户端连接进来，会一直阻塞在这里，除非设置了超时时间
           Socket client = server.accept();
  
           System.out.println("client " + client.getPort() + " connected!!!");
           // 客户端连接进来后，开辟一个新的线程去接收并处理
           new Thread(() -> {
               try {
                   InputStream inputStream = client.getInputStream();
                   BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                   char[] data = new char[1024];
                   while (true) {
                       int num = reader.read(data);
                       if (num > 0) {
                           System.out.println("client read some data is :" + num + " val :" + new String(data, 0, num));
                       } else if (num == 0) {
                           System.out.println("client read nothing!");
                           continue;
                       } else {
                           System.out.println("client read -1...");
                           System.in.read();
                           client.close();
                           break;
                       }
                   }
               } catch (Exception e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }).start();
       }
   } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
       try {
           server.close();
       } catch (IOException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }
  

  }
  }
  死循环中，由于第一句：

System.in.read();
导致

Socket client = server.accept();
无法执行，即：服务端此时是无法接收客户端的。

准备客户端代码：

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

/**

• Socket Client
  */
  public class SocketClientTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

   try {
       Socket client = new Socket("192.168.205.138", 9090);
       OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
       InputStream in = System.in;
       BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
       while (true) {
           String line = reader.readLine();
           if (line != null) {
               byte[] bb = line.getBytes();
               for (byte b : bb) {
                   out.write(b);
               }
           }
       }
   } catch (IOException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
   }
  

  }
  }
  在实例io1中启动服务端代码：

javac SocketServerBIOTest.java && java SocketServerBIOTest
在io1中开启抓包工具：

tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
在io2中执行客户端代码：

javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
由于我们在服务端加了一段：

System.in.read()
方法，导致服务端其实没办法执行accept()

但是在服务端查看抓包信息：

[root@io socket]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:19:56.021974 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [S], seq 391962776, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 16515471 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:19:56.022035 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [S.], seq 2744580571, ack 391962777, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 16517545 ecr 16515471,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:19:56.022349 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16515472 ecr 16517545], length 0

内核已经为客户端和服务端建立了连接并完成了三次握手，在服务端使用netstat查看：

[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
…
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED -
…
显示已经建立了连接，只不过还没有分配：PID/Program name。

在客户端输入一些信息，

[root@io2 socket]# javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
asdfasdfasdfasf
在服务端再次执行netstat

[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
…
tcp6 15 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED -
…
也显示出接收到了数据。

再服务端再次开启抓包：

tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
再次在客户端输入一些数据：

[root@io2 socket]# javac SocketClientTest.java && java SocketClientTest
asdfasdfasdfasf
dfasdfasdfasdas
可以看到抓包信息：

[root@io ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 9090
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:26:48.632564 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [P.], seq 391962792:391962793, ack 2744580572, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16928082 ecr 16757410], length 1
15:26:48.632609 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [.], ack 1, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 16930156 ecr 16928082], length 0
15:26:48.632791 IP 192.168.205.149.56944 > 192.168.205.138.9090: Flags [P.], seq 1:15, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 16928082 ecr 16930156], length 14
15:26:48.632825 IP 192.168.205.138.9090 > 192.168.205.149.56944: Flags [.], ack 15, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 16930156 ecr 16928082], length 0
以上实验主要说明了一个问题：

虽然在应用层面，服务端没有调用accept() 去接收客户端，但是，内核其实已经完成了客户端和服务端的三次握手以及数据传输。

接下来，我们触发服务端：

Socket client = server.accept();
这段逻辑

服务端可以显示客户端的数据

^C[root@io socket]# java SocketServerBIOTest
server started , port : 9090

client 56944 connected!!!
client read some data is :30 val :asdfasdfasdfasfdfasdfasdfasdas

服务端执行nestat -ntap,

[root@io ~]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
…
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:56944 ESTABLISHED 2266/java
…
可以看到已经分配了一个PID，通过:

lsof -p 2266
查看这个java进程相关的文件描述符

[root@io ~]# lsof -p 2266
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
…
java 2266 root 6u IPv6 26479 0t0 TCP 192.168.205.138:websm->192.168.205.149:56944 (ESTABLISHED)
…
6u就对应了服务端和客户端连接的一个Socket。

在创建服务端的时候，我们指定了一个参数：backlog

// 指定了BACK_LOG = 2
server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT), BACK_LOG);
backlog的解释是

requested maximum length of the queue of incoming connections.

重新启动我们的服务端

[root@io socket]# javac SocketServerBIOTest.java && java SocketServerBIOTest
server started , port : 9090

启动三个客户端连接这个服务端, 然后再服务端执行netstat -ntap

[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
…
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50532 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50536 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50534 ESTABLISHED -
…
可以看到，服务端创建了三个连接，但是，当我们再启动一个客户端连接进来的时候，新增的这个连接的状态为：SYN_RECV

[root@io socket]# netstat -ntap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
…
tcp 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50538 SYN_RECV -
…
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50532 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50536 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 192.168.205.138:9090 192.168.205.149:50534 ESTABLISHED -
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