Python基础（列表增删改查）

一、列表定义

1.列表定义：能装东西的东西
2.通过一个变量存储大量信息

二、列表方法—增

2.1 插入

插入(insert(插入的位置（下标）, 插入的数据))

names1 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5"]
names1.insert(3, "test")
print("在中间插入元素：", names1)
print("长度为：", len(names1))

names1.insert(6, "gao")
print("在最后插入元素：", names1)
print("长度为：", len(names1))

2.2 追加

append()，把元素插入到列表最后面

names1.append("ceshi")
print("在最后插入元素：", names1)
print("长度为：", len(names1))

2.3 合并

extend ()，把两个列表进行合并,添加到最后

names1 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5"]
n2 = ["1", "2", "3"]
names1.extend(n2)
print("合并两个列表：", names1)
print("长度为：", len(names1))

2.4 嵌套

列表的嵌套（多为数组）

names1.insert(2, n2)
print("嵌套两个列表：", names1)
print("长度为：", len(names1))
print("取嵌套列表的值：", names1[2])
print("取嵌套列表其中一个元素的值：", names1[2][1])

三、列表方法—删

3.1del()

del()：根据下标进行删除

names2 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
del names2[4]
print("正向下标删除元素：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

del names2[-1]
print("倒数下标删除元素：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

3.2 remove()

remove()：通过元素名称进行删除
1.通过指定元素名删除，会删除从左开始找到的第⼀个元素，如果有多个，则只删除找到的第⼀个
2.如果元素不存在在列表中则会报错

names2 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
names2.remove("test")
print("根据元素名称删除：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

3.3 pop()

pop()：
1.当列表中没有数据时使用pop会报错
2.默认删除最后一个元素并返回被删除的值

names2 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
names2.pop()
print("使用pop默认删除：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

names2 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
names2.pop(1)
print("使用pop指定删除：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

3.4 clear()

clear()：清空

names2 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
names2.clear()
print("清空列表：", names2)
print("长度为：", len(names2))

四、列表方法—改

根据下标直接修改

names3 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5"]
names3[1] = "测试"
print("正数下标修改后的：", names3)
print("长度为：", len(names3))

names3 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5"]
names3[-3] = "勿动"
print("倒数下标修改后的：", names3)
print("长度为：", len(names3))

五、列表方法—查

5.1 in

in：使用in判断元素是否存在在列表中

names4 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "test"]
if "test" in names4:
    print("存在")

5.2 index()

index()：查询列表的下标，查询到从左往右的第一个下标（如果元素不在列表会报错）

names4 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "test"]
print("查询到下标：", names4.index("test"))

5.3 count ()

count()：查询到列表元素的个数

names4 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "test"]
print("查询到个数：", names4.count("test"))

5.4 命令嵌套

一条语句删除查询到的元素(命令嵌套)

names4 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "test"]
del names4[names4.index("test")]
print("一条语句删除查询到的元素：", names4)

六、列表方法—切片

6.1 切片

切片取出列表中的某一段：列表名[start:end],不包含end值，顾头不顾尾

names5 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
print("正数取出列表中的某一段的值：", names5[1:3])  # 不包含下标为3的值
print("倒数取出列表中的某一段的值：", names5[-3:-1])#从左往右
print("正倒数结合取出列表中的某一段的值：", names5[1:-1])
print("取出列表最后元素中的某一段的值：", names5[1:])

6.2 步长

跳着打印

names5 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
print("一个步长打印：", names5[1:-1:1])
print("两个步长打印：", names5[1:-1:2])
print("两个步长打印：", names5[-1:1:-2])#从右往左
print("省略打印：", names5[::-1])#从右往左打印
n = "测试"
print("字符串反转：", n[::-1] ) #字符串反转

七、列表方法—排序

7.1 反转

reverse()：没有返回值只是把列表逆转

names5 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
print("反转：", names5.reverse())#打印出显示为None

names6 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "e6", "h7", "i8", "j9"]
names6.reverse()
print("反转：", names6)#正常的逆序打印

7.2 排序

sort()：排序数组里的数据类型一致

a = [23,56,78,1,3,657,9,0]
print("排序前的结果：",a)
a.sort()
print("排序后的结果：",a)

7.3 列表循环

for

names4 = ["test", "b2", "c3", "d4", "f5", "test"]
print("原始数据：",names4)
for i in names4 :
    print(i)

for i in names4:
    if i == "c3":
       print("存在")
    else:
        print(i)