Python基础（字典的创建以及增删改查）

一、字典的基本信息

1.1定义

{key1:value1,key2:value2}

1.2特点

1.key必须为不可变数据类型,必须唯一
2.可以存放多个value,可修改,可以不唯一
3.无序
4.查询速度极快,且不受dict的大小影响

二、字典的创建

2.1法一

person={"name":"test","age":24}
print(person)

2.2法二

person=dict(name="test",age=24)
print(person)

2.3法三

person=dict({"name":"test","age":24})
print(person)

2.4法四

批量赋值

keys=[1,2,3,4]
print({}.fromkeys(keys,100))
print( {}.fromkeys([1,2,3,4],100))

三、字典的增删改查

3.1 增加

family={
    "测试":[23,"女","tester"],
}
print("原字典：",family)
family["特斯汀"]=[24,"女","worker"]
print("增加后的字典：",family)

# key值已存在，修改value值
family["特斯汀"]=[25,"女","worker"]
print("修改后的字典：",family)

setdefault()：不可修改value值

family.setdefault("学生",[18,"男","student"])
print("增加后的字典：",family)

family.setdefault("学生",[20,"男","student"])
print("测试修改后的字典：",family)

3.2 删除

原字典

family1={
   "测试":[23,"女","tester"],
   "学生":[18,"男","student"],
   "特斯汀":[25,"女","worker"],
   "高一":[23,"女","tester"],
   "高二":[23,"女","tester"],
}
print("原字典：",family1)

3.2.1 删除指定key

del family1["高一"]
print("删除后的字典：",family1)

family1.pop("高二")
print("删除后的字典：",family1)

3.2.2 随便删除1个key

family1.popitem()
print("删除后的字典：",family1)

3.2.3 清空字典

family1.clear()
print("清空后的字典：",family1)

3.3 修改

原字典

family2={
   "测试":[23,"女","tester"],
   "学生":[18,"男","student"],
   "特斯汀":[25,"女","worker"],
   "高一":[23,"女","tester"],
   "高二":[23,"女","tester"],
}
print("原字典：",family2)

修改其中的一个value值

family2["特斯汀"]=[25,"女","worker"]
print("修改后的字典：",family2)

合并两个字典，key值相同取合并的值

family3={
    "测试":[23,"女","test"],
    "高五":[18,"男","student"],
    "特斯":[22,"女","worker"],
    "高四":[23,"女","tester"],
    "高三":[23,"女","tester"],
}
family2.update(family3)
print("修改后的字典：",family2)

3.4 查询

原字典

family4={
   "测试":[23,"女","tester"],
   "学生":[18,"男","student"],
   "特斯汀":[25,"女","worker"],
   "高一":[23,"女","tester"],
   "高二":[23,"女","tester"],
}
print("原字典：",family4)

3.4.1根据key查询value

print("根据key查询value：",family4["测试"])#不存在，报错

print("根据key查询value：",family4.get("高洁"))#不存在返回空

3.4.2判断key值是否存在

print("判断key值是否存在：","ceshi" in family4)

3.4.3查询key和value

print("查询value：",family4.values())
print("查询key：",family4.keys())
print("将key和value返回为一个元组：",family4.items())

3.4.4 循环

只打印key值

for i in family4:
    print(i)

打印key和value

for i in family4:
    print(i,family4[i])
for i in family4.items():
    print(i)
for i,j in family4.items():
    print(i,j)