注册之发送邮件
1.邮箱设置
启用客户端SMTP服务(以qq邮箱为例,其他类似)
pop就是接收邮件服务器的意思.
smtp就是发送邮件服务器的意思,即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式.
2.Spring Email
2.1. 配置Maven
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-mail -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
</dependency>
2.2. 邮箱参数配置
查看qq邮箱官方文档进行配置
# MailProperties
#配置邮件服务器的域名和端口
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.port=465
#配置发件人的账号密码
spring.mail.username=发件人邮箱账号
spring.mail.password=生成的授权码 !!注意不是你邮箱的密码,不然会报密码错误
#配置发送邮件的协议类型
spring.mail.protocol=smtps
#采用ssl连接发送邮件
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true
2.3. 使用JavaMailSender发送邮件
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
/**
* @author XH
* @date 2022/1/31 9:27
*/
@Component
public class MailClient {
// 记录日志
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailClient.class);
// 使用JavaMailSender发送邮件
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
// 发送者
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
/**
*
* @param to 接收方
* @param subject 主题
* @param content 内容
*/
public void sendMail(String to, String subject, String content){
try {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);//true表示允许支持html文本
mailSender.send(helper.getMimeMessage());
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送邮件失败: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
JavaMailSender是Spring Email的核心组件,负责发送邮件.
MimeMessage用于封装邮件的相关信息.
MimeMessageHelper用于辅助构建MimeMessage对象.
2.4. 测试
import com.nowcoder.community.util.MailClient;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
/**
* @author XH
* @date 2022/1/31 16:15
*/
@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = CommunityApplication.class)//使测试环境和正式配置类一样
public class MailTests {
@Autowired
private MailClient mailClient;
@Test
public void testMail(){
mailClient.sendMail("接收方的邮箱", "测试", "Welcome");
}
}
2.5. 测试结果
3.使用模板引擎
使用Thymeleaf发送HTML邮件
3.1. demo.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>邮件示例</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
欢迎你, <span style="color: rebeccapurple;" th:text="${username}"></span>!
</p>
</body>
</html>
3.2. 测试
/**
* @author XH
* @date 2022/1/31 16:15
*/
@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = CommunityApplication.class)//使测试环境和正式配置类一样
public class MailTests2 {
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@Test
public void testHtmlMail(){
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("username", "January");
String content = templateEngine.process("/mail/demo", context);
System.out.println(content);
mailClient.sendMail("1737149293@qq.com","HTML", content);
}
}
3.3. 测试结果